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Marasmus & Kwashiorkor Presentation

Terms in this set (13)

Marasmus
Severe malnutrition characterize by poor growth, dramatic weight loss of body fat and muscle, and apathy
Cause of Marasmus
Lack of food; both macro and micronutrients
Typical Presentation of Marasmus
-Triangle shaped face
-Extended belly
-Primary or secondary
-Amenorrhea
-Overall thin and bony body
Pathophysiology of Marasmus
-Hypoglycemia
-Hypothermia
-Dehydration
-Electrolyte imbalance
-Infection
-Micronutrient deficiency
-Anemia
-Heart Failure
Marconutrients and Marasmus
-Carbohydrate: simple sugars for easy absorption
-Protein
-Fat
Micronutrients and Marasmus
-Potassium
-Iron/Vitamin A
-Iodine
-Zinc
-Water
Kwashiorkor
Severe malnutrition characterized by failure to grow and develop, edema, changes in the pigmentation of the hair and skin, fatty liver, anemia, and apathy
Pathophisiology of Kwashiorkor
Protein deficiency which results in a inflammatory response
Signs and Symptoms of Kwashiorkor
-Concentration shifts of blood and tissues (edema)
-Muscle atrophy (infection)
-Loss of hair color d/t decrease of melanin
-Patchy and scaly skin may develop
-Sores may develop (decreased wound healing)
-Anemia
Nutrition Concerns of Kwashiorkor
-Immune deficiency susceptibility to infections increases and further precipitate malnutrition
-D/t extreme lack of protein, osmotic imbalance in the GI system causes swelling of the gut
-Require an increase in caloric intake starting w/ carb and fat before introducing protein in diet
-Need more efficient amount of proteins (adequate amount of essential amino acids)
Nursing Intervention of Kwashiorkor and Marasmus
-Obtain thorough dietary history
-Assess for specific sign of malnutrition & micronutrient (fever, hypothermia, dehydration, signs of shock, scaly skin)
-Perform thorough examination to detect any existing co-morbidities and major organ disease
Treatment of Kwashiorkor and Marasmus
-Administer amoxicillin or cefdinir to manage severe malnutrition to prevent sepsis
-Follow 'WHO 10 steps protocols
-Treatment composed of not only physical but also psychological aspect
10 Essential steps in managing severe malnutrition
1. Treat/prevent hypoglycemia
2. Treat/prevent hypothermia
Step 3: Dehydration- rehydrate through oral solutions and IV therapy
4. Electrolyte Imbalance/dietary treatment
5. Treat/Prevent Infections: Abx & IV rehydration
6. Correct deficiencies (orally over time)
7. Start cautious feeing (small frequent meals)
8. Achieve catch-up growth (one week after admission)
9. Provide sensory stimulation and emotional support
10. Prepare for follow-up after recovery
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