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Unit 1 Test

Terms in this set (74)

Causes of the Age of Exploration
Land to claim, resources in the new lands, gold, and to spread their religion
Who wanted land to claim, resources in the new lands, gold, and to spread their religion?
European monarchs (kings+queens)
Why did the European monarchs want land to claim, resources in the new lands, gold, and spread their religion?
to increase their power
Who founded the trip?
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella?
What were the renaissance technologies that helped Columbus explore and call people over?
Faster ships, more accurate navigation tools (magnetic compass), printing press
What is the age of exploration?
1400-1600 in which Europeans traveled the rest of the world in search of goods, raw materials, land, and trade partners
What did the age of exploration cause European countries to do?
they caused European countries to scramble to claim land in the Americas
What is colonization?
It's a noun, the action or process of settling among establishing control over the indigenous people of an area
What did Europeans and settlers often destroy?
native cities and governments, confiscated their resources, and enslaved them
What did the Europeans believe, in context to themselves to the natives?
that they were superior to all indigenous (native) peoples, calling them "savage" and "primitive"
What did the Aztecs and Incas have (technology wise)?
aqueducts, floating gardens (chinampas) - Aztecs
terrace farming, roads+bridges, earthquake-proof buildings - Incas
Who's technology was better , Europeans or Natives?
Natives
How were Europeans able to colonize?
better weapons, diseases (smallpox, influenza)
What estimated percent died of natives after contact with Europeans?
90%
What was the Colombian exchange?
It was the exchange of resources, diseases, ideas and culture after 1492
What is the Columbian exchange called today?
Globalization
Who was the Columbian exchange between?
Americas to Europe to Africa to Asia and then all over again
Latin America is what percent Christian
90%
One other effect of the age of exploration is
The impact on culture
What was the Atlantic slave trade known as?
Triangular trade
What 3 countries made up the Atlantic slave trade?
West Indies (the Americas), Europe, and Africa
Explain the cycle of goods being exchanged
West Indies distributed raw materials to Europe which were turned into manufactured goods and then given to Africa and then Africa gave slaves to the Americas who were meant to harvest the raw material
What was the Middle Passage?
The section of the triangular trade in which slaves were brutally transported from Africa to America
What raw goods being distributed to Europe
Cloth, tobacco, sugar
What manufactured goods were distributed to Africa?
Gun, cloth, and glassware
What was slave labor used for?
To harvest raw materials
Why were Africans willing to sell other Africans as slaves?
They saw them criminals, and they benefited from selling them and got goods
How does the Atlantic Slave trade affect modern day racism?
The slave trade started selling Africans who were black and of color so from the beginning of time we have evolved into thinking people of color are less than white people because most of the people of color were slaves
What was the one successful ship rebellion?
The odestad
Why didn't ship rebellions work most of the time?
Because they were sick and didn't have weapons
What were the 3 reasons that colonists were willing to risk their lives for a chance in the new world?
Economic opportunity, religious freedom, avoiding prison
Explain economic opportunities
Gave charters (permits) to various groups who then had control over that area, provided incentives to people who were willing to risk the journey, and lots of "unclaimed" land + ability to grow cash crops which equal potential money
Example of the economic opportunity
Jamestown, VA - promised 50 acres for each landowner who came over + 50 more for every indentured servant, it was the first permanent British settlement established in 1607
Explain religious freedom
People wanted to escape the catholic religion so most of them went to the colonies
England was what religion
Anglican, not like majority of Europe
Examples of religious freedom
Maryland - 1634, establishes by British lord Baltimore as a safe haven for Catholics
Pennsylvania - 1681, William penn establishes it for quakers and other persecuted religious groups (like Jews and Amish)
What were the Quaker beliefs?
All humans are equal in gods eye, gender and race don't matter,
Who led the abolitionist movement?
Quakers
Explain avoiding prison
Debt was the only offense that earned long term imprisonment in British courts, when killing someone they ended up executing them,
What were the prisoners known as
Debtors
Examples of avoiding prison
Georgia - 1732, established as a haven for debtors and Christians to start a new life
Jamestown similarities with Roanoke
Low on resources, leaders left them, and went through a drought
What was the relationship with the Powhatan tribe
John smith had very good relations with the Natives and the leader chief Powhatan, that's who supplied most of our supplies
John Smith
Led group of first settlers, helped secure food from local natives
Chief Powhatan
Leader of the Powhatan people and father of Pocahontas, very powerful and controlled thousands of miles, helped the colonists because of good relations with John Smith
Pocahontas
key to English-Native American relationship, died in England in 1617, real name is Matuaka which means little wonton, playful and curious, very curious about the colonists who arrived in 1607, born around 1595, around 12 years old when they arrived
Did John Smith marry Pocahontas?
Nooooo
John Rolfe
married Pocahontas and started the planting of tobacco in Jamestown, arrived in Jamestown during 1610 which was the starving time
How many surviving colonists were there when John Rolfe arrived?
60
How was Pocahontas crucial to Jamestown survival?
The currency that pay for the colonists survival, first indigenous person to convert to Christianity, John Rolfe and Pocahontas marry
When and how did Pocahontas die
1617 on her way back to Jamestown from disease
What year was the worst in Jamestown
1609
What was the cause of the Starving time?
John Smith was injured in a mysterious gun powder explosion and he was sent back to England for treatment, once John left chief Powhatan ordered his warriors to lay siege to Jamestown
What did the Natives do to the colonists
Surrounded Jamestown and shot anyone that tried to exit
When was the starving time
Winter 1609 to 1610
In 1611 how many colonists died and how many were left
500 died and 60 left
What did the starving time lead to
Cannibalism was the main thing it lead to because they were feeling a huge urge of hunger all the time because no resources were coming in
How was cannibalism confirmed
The girl who's skull they found "Jane doe"
What were the reasons of survival for Jamestown
John Smith took over which led to the settlers building better housing which led to a less number of deaths from starvation and exposure, the Powhatan tribe brought food to the settlers and taught them how to grow, got more money from tobacco (had a source of income)
How did the government support/ protect slavery?
Promoted slavery by acting like they couldn't live without them and then they restricted many laws for them and then set even stricter laws later on, they protected it by having men do 25 yrs and women do it till 21, and those men and women will have kids and then the cycle will keep going
How did individuals and organizations work to oppose Slavery
Slaves rebelled and this building on fire and they tried to escape but then people were trying to put it out and the slaves were fighting the people trying to put the fire out, Jacob green was the first person to call for an abolition
What was the lenni lenapes life before contact with Europeans
They traveled with seasons, and they had a strong sense of tradition and a well organized lifestyle
How did they travel with the seasons
In spring they planted gardens around their permanent settlements , summer they went to shore to catch oysters and clams , fall they would move back to village and harvest their crops, winter they hunted deer and other animals
Long term effects of the lenni lenapes contact with Europeans
The lenni Lenape was taken over by England instead of Dutch and the Europeans ended up having the lenni lenape tribe sign away an agreement to give their land and trinkets away, some ended up leaving the ones who stayed were overwhelmed by new restrictions, they got destructed by diseases such as small pox or measles and their population went from 20,000 to 4,000, in 1758 the new Jersey assembly established a permanent home for the lenni lenape (Indian reservation),
Similarities between the lenni lenape interactions with England and the Algonquin tribes interaction with Jamestown
The Europeans are the one that came to the new world, one tribe was always treated terribly and brutally, the Europeans brought over diseases, both of tribes died immensely (or many of their tribe people died)
Differences between the lenni lenape story and Jamestown story
Different languages between tribes, in Jamestown the Europeans got treated bad by Natives in lenni lenape is was switched around, in Jamestown they always had a problem with the Natives in lenni lenape first they had a problem with the Dutch then Europeans, the colonists never got a permanent settlement but lenni lenape did after a long time
Who were the pilgrims
From England and wanted to separate from church completely
Why did the pilgrims come
Seeking religious freedom
What pilgrim similarities they had to Jamestown
Must rely on local native Americans (wamapanoag) to provide food and teach them how to farm
Why are pilgrims significant to US history
Because in fall 1621 they had their first thanksgiving with the Natives
How did the puritans govern Massachusetts bay colony?
John Winthrop is the leader and they all break into self governing city states with the church at center
Why are the puritans significant to US history
They formed a theocracy which is a government where interpretations of religious text determine the laws of the land
Puritan beliefs
Conformity was required, not allowed to not go to church (against law), had to dress in plain somber clothing, god punished sin- explanation for misfortune, suspicious of those considered weak, the (women, children, mental illnesses, and poor people were considered weak),
Why did the Salem witch trials happen?
the spring of 1692, after a group of young girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts, claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused several local women of witchcraft, next many poor people started to just randomly blame anyone so they can die and they will get the land
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