Biology CH 7: Cell Structure and Cell Transport

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What are the three components of the cell theory?

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What are the three components of the cell theory?

1. All living things are made up of cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things.
3. New cells are produced from preexisting cells

What are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Prokaryotes:
-small and simple: contain cytoplasm and cell membrane, but no nucleus to store their DNA
-still alive: grow, reproduce, respond to the environment, etc.
-ex) all bacteria
Eukaryotes:
-contain specialized structures called organelles which are important in carrying cellular functions
-contain everything that prokaryotes do, but also have a nucleus to store DNA
-unicellular and multicellular
ex) plants, animals, fungi

Cell wall

-only in Plant cells
-made of cellulose (tough carbohydrate fiber)
-function: support, protection, allows things to pass in/out of cell such as water, oxygen, carbon dioxide

Cell membrane

-in both plant and animal cells
-is selectively permeable (regulates what enters/exits cell)
-for animal cells, the only thing that provides protection and support
-a barrier between outer and inner environments
-help maintain homeostasis

Nucleus

-in both plants and animals, but not in prokaryotes
-controls cell activities
-stores genetic info
-chromatin(DNA wrapped around protein) condenses during reproductions to form chromosomes

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Chloroplasts