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Chapter Five and Six Ed Psych

Terms in this set (86)

Culture
the attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization
cross-cultural studies
comparison of one culture with one or more other cultures. These provide information about the degree to which development is similar, or universal, across cultures, and to the degree to which it is culture-specific.
individualism
a belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self-reliance and personal independence
collectivism
giving priority to the goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly
Caryolyn Tamis-LeMonda
Emphasizes that in many families, children are not reared in environments that uniformly endorse individualists or collectivist values, thoughts, and actions
Socioeconomic status
A person's position in society as determined by income, wealth, occupation, education, place of residence, and other factors
Savage Inequalities
book written by Jonathan Kozol that vividly describes some of the problems that children of poverty face in their neighborhood and at school
Quantum Opportunities Program
Funded by the Ford Foundation providing year-round mentoring for minority students entering ninth grade at a high school with high rates of poverty and living in families that recieved public assistance
ethnicity
an ethnic quality or affiliation resulting from racial or cultural ties
prejudice
a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation
bilingualism
the practice of teaching immigrant students in their own language
subtractive bilingualism
Partially or completely losing the first language as a second language is acquired.
multicultural education
education that teaches the value of cultural diversity
prejudice reduction
A critical goal of multicultural education; involves development of positive relationships and tolerant attitudes among students of different backgrounds.
equity pedagogy
teaching techniques that facilitate the academic success of students from different ethnic and social class groups
empowerment
feelings of intrinsic motivation, in which workers perceive their work to have impact and meaning and perceive themselves to be competent and capable of self-determination
culturally relevant teaching
Instruction that seeks to integrate the cultural context of the learner in shaping and effective learning environment and strategies
funds of knowledge approach
teachers visit students houses to develop social relationships with their students family members to learn more about their cultural and ethnic background
issues-centered education
-Students are taught to systematically examine issues that involve equity and social justice.
-Students clarify their values and examine alternatives and consequences for their issue stance.
-Is closely related to moral education.
values clarification
examination of our value system
moral education
formal instruction concerning proper conduct and behavior
jigsaw classroom
Aronson, educational approach designed to minimize prejudice by requiring all children to make independent contributions to a shared project
Global Laboratory Project
an international, telecommunication based project
Global Challenge Award
funded by the MacArthur Foundation, lets middle and high school students partner with international peers to form teams and copperate to develop solutions to real-world problems
Teaching Tolerance Project
provides schools with resources and materials to improve intercultural understanding and relationships between White children and children of color
Leave No Child behind
by Comer , comprehensive program that sets standards and schedules for testing, curriculum, and teacher qualifications.
gender
the properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of their reproductive roles
gender identity
one's sense of being male or female
gender roles
attitudes and activities that a society links to each sex
gender typing
the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
gender school
segregated courses between the sexes and encouraged different gender roles
gender schema theory
the theory that children learn from their cultures a concept of what it means to be male and female and that they adjust their behavior accordingly
schema
an internal representation of the world
gender schema
a set of behaviors organized around how either a male or female should think and behave
gender stereotypes
Oversimplified generalizations about the characteristics of males and females
rapport talk
A way to share experiences and establish bonds with others
report talk
Talk that is designed to give information and includes public speaking
relational aggression
form of indirect aggression, prevalent in girls, involving spreading rumors, gossiping, and nonverbal putdowns for the purpose of social manipulation
androgny
blending of traits of both masculine and femine sterotyped traits
title IX of the Educational Amendment Act of 1972
states schools must treat females and males equally
quid pro quo sexual harassment
a form of sexual harassment in which employment outcomes, such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job, depend on whether an individual submits to sexual harassment
hostile environment sexual harassment
Telling lewd jokes, displaying pornography, making sexually oriented remarks about someone's personal appearance, and other sex-related actions that make the work environment unpleasant.
handicapping condition
the effect that the disability has on a person's life
learning disability
a disorder found in children of normal intelligence who have difficulties in learning specific skills
referral bias
the sequence of referrals that may lead patiets from primary to tertiary centers raises the proportion of more severe or unusual cases, thus increasing the likelihood of adverse or unfavorable outcomes; physicians and medical centers may attract individuals with specific disorders or exposures
dyslexia
most common learning disorder, impaired ability to learn to read
dysgraphia
a learning disability that involves difficulty in handwriting
dyscalculia
also known as developmental arithmetic disorder, difficulty with math
ADHD
a condition (mostly in boys) characterized by behavioral and learning disorders
mental retardation
a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound
down syndrome
a condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic makeup
orthopedic impairments
severe impairment that adversely affects a child's educational performance

impairments due to the effects of congenital anomaly (e.g., clubfoot, absence of some member, etc.), impairments due to the effects of disease (e.g., poliomyelitis, bone tuberculosis, etc.), and impairments from other causes (e.g., cerebral palsy, amputations, and fractures or burns that cause contractures)
cerebral palsy
a loss or deficiency of motor control with involuntary spasms caused by permanent brain damage present at birth
epilepsy
a disorder of the central nervous system characterized by loss of consciousness and convulsions
low vision
Vision limited to close objects
educationally blind
unable to use one's vision in learning and must use hearing and touch to learn
oral approaches
educational approaches to help hearing-impaired children; they include lip reading, speech reading, and whatever hearing the child has
manual approaches
educational approaches to help hearing-impaired children, including sign language and finger spelling
speech and language disorders
Unable to express needs and wants or to interact verbally and appropriately with others
articulation disorders
Difficulty producing speech sounds and speech sound sequences
voice disorder
abnormal production and/or absence of vocal quality, pitch, loudness, resonance, and/or duration
fluency disorder
a speech disorder characterized by atypical rate, rhythm, and repetitions in sounds, syllables, words, and phrases
language disorders
impairments in one's ability to understand language or to express ideas in one's native language
receptive language
ability to understand what is being said
expressive language
sounds, signs, or symbols used to communicate meaning
specific language impairment
Difficulties acquiring language in the absence of any other mental, sensory, motoric, emotional, or experiential deficits
developmental language disorder
When a child has problems acquiring language even though there is no obvious cause
austism spectrum disorders
is a term to describe a subgroup of PDD, namely autism and Asperger Syndrome.
pervasive developmental disorders
group of childhood disorders characterized by delays in socialization and communication skills; autism and Asperger syndrome are examples
autistic disorder
a childhood disorder characterized by a failure to develop normal patterns of communication, social interactions, and emotional responses
asperger syndrome
a childhood disorder at the high-functioning end of the autistic spectrum; characterized by impaired social interest and skills and restricted interests
emotional and behavioral disorders
Emotional states and behaviors that consistently and significantly disrupt academic learning and performance.
depression
a prolonged feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness
anxiety
a strong feeling of worry
Public Law 94-142
In order to receive federal funds, states must develop and implement policies that assure a free appropriate public education (FAPE) to all children with disabilities

(Education of All Handicapped Children Act)
IDEA
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
IEP
The Individual Education Plan developed for each child eligible for special education, based on the child's unique needs, with parent participation, containing a statement of the child's present level of performance, educational needs, goals and measurable objectives. Is reviewed at least annually.
Positive behavioral support
variation of traditional applied behavior analysis that involves identifying the purposes of undesirable behaviors and providing alternative behaviors that more appropriately accomplish those purposes
functional behavioral assessment
The process of gathering information about a student's problem behaviors that seeks to determine the purpose of the behavior in addition to its antecedents and consequences
least restrictive environment
a legal requirement that children with special needs be assigned to the most general educational context in which they can be expected to learn
inclusion
an approach to educating children with special needs in which they are included in regular classrooms, with "appropriate aids and services", as required by law
collaborative teaching
general ed and special ed teachers working
together to meet the needs of special needs
students
instructional technology
any mechanical aid (including computer technology) used to assist in or enhance to process of teaching and learning
assistive technology
any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities
children who are gifted
Children with an above average intelligence (usually above 130) and/or superior talent in some domain such as art, music, or mathematics.
Schoolwide Enrichment Model
invented by Joseph Renzulli, Goal is to promote challenging, high-end learning by creating services that can be integrated across the general education curriculum to assist all students.
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