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Radiation Physic / Structure of Matter

Terms in this set (55)

Bohr Atom
Model of the atom 'modeled' after the Solar System. Mostly empty space
Subatomic Particles
Nucleons
Atomic Mass
The number of nucleons in an atom (Protons and Neutrons added together give you the mass.)
Protons
Positively charged particles found within the nucleus
Atomic Number
The number of protons found within the nucleus
Atomic Number determines
what the element is
Atomic number is abbreviated how?
with the letter "Z".
1 proton has the mass of how many electrons?
1836
Neutrons
Neutrally charged particles found within the nucleus
1 neutron has the mass of how many electrons?
1837
Electrons
Negatively charged particles of matter. teeny-tiny.
There are this many electron orbits
7 (seven)
Rules of electron orbits
Innermost orbits are filled first. Start from K and lettered through Q.
2n squared formula
Defines t=what the maximum number of electrons may be in the orbital ring.
Electron Binding Energy
The force that holds electrons in orbit.
Tungsten
has six rings.
Atomic number of Tungsten
74
How do you figure the number of neutrons?
by subtracting atomic number from Atomic mass
How many neutrons in Tungsten if its Atomic Number is 74 and its mass is 184?
110
Group Number
The number of electrons normally found in the outermost orbit rings of the atom
Group I and Group VII are unstable/reactive
True
The most stable group of the periodic table
is Group VII
Period Number
Number of electron orbital rings
Octet Rule
AKA as "the happy atom" rule. No atom can have more than 8 electrons in its outermost shell. All atoms WANT to have 8 electrons in the outermost shell.
If there is an odd number of electrons in an outer shell it tends to be
unstable. Because it wants to have 8 electrons in outer shell.
Covalent Bond
Molecular bond where 2 or more atoms share a single, common outer orbital shell.
Ionic Bond
Molecular bond between 2 or more atoms involving the transfer of an electron.
Radioactivity
An unstable ucleus emitting energy and/or particles in an attempt to become stable.
Radioactive Half-life
Time required for a quantity of radioactivity to be reduced to 1/2 its original value
Energy-based ionizing radiation
x-ray, gamma. They are bundles of pure energy with no mass, no charge, travel at the speed of light and have waveform movement
Matter-based ionizing radiation
Alpha, beta, proton, Neutron. They are particles of matter; they have mass, they can have a charge. Travel slower than the speed of light, and move in straight lines.
Weight
Mass in a gravitational field
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
Mass
The sum of an object's matter
Energy
The ability to do work
Atom
Basic unit of matter; smallest particle of an element
Molecule
the smallest unit of most compounds
Electron
a subatomic particle that has a negative charge
Electron Binding Energy
The strength of attachment of an electron to the nucleus of an atom; the closer an electron is to the nucleus, the higher the electron binding energy
2n squared
Maximum number of electrons that may be held in an electromagnetic orbital ring. i.e. 2 x 7 squared: 2 x 49 =98
Two ways that Electron binding energy varies
1) Electron's state of inertia is motion. Wants to fly through space in a straight line.
2) End result is that an electron orbits the nucleus, as the force holds the electrons in orbit.
Ion Pair
Positive ion and negative ion
Wavelength
The distance between crests of waves, such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Radionuclides
atoms that disintegrate by emitting electromagnetic radiation; also called tracers
Nucleon
a proton or neutron - found within the nucleus
Frequency
the number of wavelengths that pass a given point per second
Speed of light
the speed at which light travels in a vacuum; 186,000 miles / second., or 300,000 km/sec.
Amplitude
the height of a wave's crest
Alpha Particle
contains two protons and two neutrons and has a double positive charge
Beta Particle
an electron emitted from the nucleus during some kinds of radioactive decay
Gamma radiation
high energy electromagnetic radiation given off by a radiostope. No mass, no charge.
Electromagnetic Energy
A form of energy that travels through space as waves
Periodic Table of the Elements
Organized by Dmitri Mendeleev, A chart of the chemical elements, arranged corresponding to the number of electron shells in their atoms; which is their atomic number
Group Number
The number of electrons normally found in the outermost orbital ring of the atom.
Period Number
The number of an electron's orbital rings
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