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Handy Guide for Need-To-Know NCLEX lab values

Terms in this set (39)

pH
7.35-7.45
Elevated: Alkalosis
Decreased: Acidosis
pCO2
35-45 mm Hg
Elevated: Hypercarbia
Decreased: Hyperventilation
HCO3:
22-26 mEq/L
Elevated: Supplemental
Decreased: Compensated Respiratory Acidosis
pO2:
75-100%
Elevated: Supplemental Oxygen
Decreased: Hypoxia; Hypoxemia; COPD; Pneumonia
Oxygen Saturation (SaO2):
95-100%
Elevated: Supplemental Oxygen
Decreased:: Hypoxia; Hyypoxemia; COPD; Pneumonia
Hematocrit
F: 37-48% M: 42% - 52%
Elevated: Polycythemia; Dehydration
Decreased: Anemia, Blood loss; Over Hydration
Hemoglobin
12-18 g/dL
Elevated Polycythemia; Dehydration
Decreased: Anemia; Blood loss
WBC:
4500-10,000 mm3
Elevated; Infection;
Inflammation; Allergic reaction
Decreased: Immunospuppression, AIDS/HIV; Med. Side Effects
Platelets:
150,000 - 400,000 mm3 Elevated; Polycythemia; Leukemia; Infection
Decreased: Hemorrhage; Leukemia; Drug Toxicity
ESR (Sed rate):
Female 0-29 mm/H Male 0-19 mm/H
Elevated: Inflammation; Autoimmune disorder; Infection
Decreased; Anemia; Sickle cell disease; Polycythemia
Potassium:
3.5 - 5.1 mEq/L
Elevated; Renal failure; Burns; ↑ intake; Metabolic acidosis
Decreased: Diuretics; Poor intake; Metabolic alkalosis
Sodium:
135-145 mEq/L Elevated;
Dehydration; high sodium intake
Decreased; Duretics, vomiting; Diarrhea; low intake
Calcium
9-11 mg/dl
Elevated: Bone disease; Parathyroid disorder; thiazide diuretics
Decreased: Liver disease; renal failure / disease; Malnutrion
Phosphate
2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Elevated: Renal disease; Hypoparathyroidism; Hypocalacemia
Decreased: Hyperparathyroidism, Diabetic coma; severe malnutriotion
Magnesium:
1.5-2.4 mg/dl
Elevated: Renal failure; Diabetic acidosis; Hpothyroidism
Decreased: Hemodialysis; Blood transfusions:CRF; Burns
PTT/APTT:
21.0-35.0 seconds
Elevated: Heparin; LMWH; Clot-busting drugs; Hemophilla
Decreased:Acute hemorrhage; End stage cancer
PT/INR
11-13 seconds / 0.8-1.2
Elevated; Warafarin; Vitamin K deficiency; Liver disease DIC
Decreased;; High Vitamin K levels; dehydration
Bleeding Time
2-9 minutes
Elevated: DIC; Aspirin Use; Thrombocytopenia, End stage liver disease
Blood Sugar / Glucose normal value
Fasting 70-109 mg/dl
H1AC 4.% - 6% greater than 7% poor diabetic control
Glucose Tolerance Test
<140 mg/dl
Elevated: DM, Post gastrectomy; Hyperthyroidism
Albumin
3.5-5.0 gm/dL
Elevated: IV infusion of; Dehydration
Decreased: Poor/Malnutrition; Burns; Kidney disease; Crohn's Disease
Protein
6.0 - 8.0 g/dL
Elevated: Dehydration; Inflammatory states
Decreased: Severe liver disease; Poor / Malnutrition, ETOH; Crohn's Disease
Cholesterol
140-199 mg/dL
Elevated: CV disease; atherosclerosis; familiar; hypothyroidism; obesity;
Decreased; Malabsorption; severe liver disease; starvation; hyperthyroidism
HDL
35-80 mg/dL
Elevated: Lower risk for heart disease
Decreased: Increased risk for heart disease
LDL
<100 mg/dL
Elevated; Increased risk for heart disease, Familial; DM
Decreased: Mallnutrition; Malabsorption
Liver Function: ALT
10-60 U/L
Elevated: Hepatitis; Cirrhosis; Liver cancer; MI
Decreased; Malnutrition
Liver AST
8-20 U/L
Elevated: Hepatitis, ETOH abuse; Cancer
Decreased; Azotemia; CRF
Ammonia
15-56 ug/dl
Elevated; Liver disease; renal disease
Decreased; --
Bilirubin
Total 0.2 - 1.3
Elevated: Hepatic destruction; Hemolytic anemia; Pancreatic cancer; drugs
Creatine
0.6 - 1.2 mg/dL
Increased: Kidney damage; renal failure, CHF
BUN
5-20 mg/dL
Increased: Dehydration, Renal Failure; CHF
Specific Gravity
1.015 - 1.025
High: DM; Dehydration; Radiopaque dye
Low: Diabetes Insipidus; Diuretics; Excessive water intake
Urine pH
4.6 - 8.0 Alkaline; Prolonged standing of urine; UTI; respiratory Alkalosis
Acidc: Diarrhea; Starvation; UTI
Urine WBC
Present; Infection-UTI / Glomerulonephritis
Urine Protein/albumin:
150 mg/24h
Present; Chronic Kidney Disease Fever; Acute Infections; Trauma
Urine glucose
Positive; Diabetes Mellitus; Brain tumors / Injury
Digoxin
therapeutic at 0.8 - 2.0 ng/ml
Toxic greater than 2.0 mEq/L
Lithium:
therapeutic at 0.6 - 1.4 mEq/L
Toxic at greater than 2.0 mEq/L
Chloride
95 - 105 mEq/L
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