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DOWNEY FINAL STUDY GUIDE TRI 1

Terms in this set (95)

Concupiscence
The tendency to sin
intellect
allows you to know the truth
will
allows you to choose the good
emotions
allows you to seek your bodily good in accord with reason
the two main components (parts) of human nature, intimately united
body and soul
typology
something in the Old Testament that foreshadows/prefigures something in the New testament that's fulfilled by Jesus
4 senses of Scripture
Literal sense: first thing you look for when reading a Bible passage and also is the primary sense; What the author directly intends to express

Allegorical sense: typology (foreshadowing from OT into NT)

Moral Sense: How I ought to act/live

Anagogical sense: how the passage points me toward heaven
Lectio Divina
divine reading
The Bible as inspired
God-breathed the words of Scripture into the authors and allowed them to write what He wanted and nothing else
The Bible as inerrant
Because God is the primary author of Scripture, then the Bible is inerrant because God Himself is inerrant
State of original holiness and justice
Before the fall, man was in a state of original holiness and justice with the 5 harmonies:

1. Between God and Man (friendship with God)
2. Between man and woman
3. Between man and creation
4. Between body and soul - Adam and eve wouldn't have to experience suffering or death
5. Within man's soul
Protoevangelium
Genesis 3:15; the first Gospel or proclamation of the Gospel (good news) to human beings

Says that God will send one to crush the head of the serpent
God's way of saying "I still love you"
The Bible as "the word of God in the words of men."
The Bible is the word of God expressed in the words of men. They have a dual authorship where God is the primary author and certain men wrote what God wanted and nothing more.
2 main sections of the Bible
Old Testament and New Testament
Number of books in OT
46
Number of books in NT
27
Total number of books in the Bible
73
4 main sections of the Catechism
1. Creed: main beliefs of Christians
2. Sacraments or Liturgy
3. 10 Commandments - Life in Christ - How to be a happy human being
4. Prayer
Original Sin
the state of fallen human nature that is inherited at conception
also the first sin committed by Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden
Felix cupla
Latin for happy fault: God permits evil in order to bring out some greater good
refers to the Fall
Talked about in the Exsultet (chant)
virtue
the habit of choosing to do the good
inclines you toward the good and makes it easy and quick to pick the good
vice
the habit of choosing to do bad
Salvation History
The story of God's plan to save man from the consequences of sin
covenant
a solemn commitment between men or between God and men
more than a contract, exchange of persons; not just stuff; makes you family with the person you made the covenant with
The Annunciation
The visit of the Archangel Gabriel to the Blessed Virgin Mary to inform her she would be the Mother of the Savior; celebrated on March 25 every year; When she gave her consent, she became the Mother of God the Son by the power of the Holy Spirit; when Jesus was conceived
Fiat
Latin for "let it be done"; The Blessed Virgin Mary's response to God at the Annunciation; Mary's YES to God, consenting to be the Mother of God (Theotokos)
Incarnation
comes from the Latin word "to become flesh"; the mystery of the union of the divine and human natures in the one divine Person of the Word, Jesus Christ; in HIm, God became man
4 reasons for the Incarnation
1. Reconcile man with God (repair the damage of the Fall)
2. To show us the depths of God's love
3. To give us a model of holiness (show us how to live)
4. To make us partakers in the divine nature (Get God's life into us so we can love like God)
3 Patriarchs
1. Abraham
2. Isaac
3. Jacob
The 6 big covenants we studied and the signs that go with them
1. Adam (one couple): Sabbath
2. Noah (one family): Rainbow
3. Abraham (one tribe): circumcision
4. Moses (one nation): Passover
5. David (one kingdom): Temple
6. Jesus (one Church): Eucharist
5 Luminous Mysteries
1. Baptism
2. Wedding at Cana
3. Proclamation of the Kingdom of God
4. Transfiguration
5. The Institution of the Eucharist
humility
having an awareness that all of one's gifts come from God and having an appreciation for the gifts of others
magnanimity
seeking to do great things for God (literally having a big soul)
courage/fortitude
enables you to endure difficulties and pain for the sake of what is good
kindness
expressing genuine concern about the wellbeing of others and anticipating their needs
faith
enables one to believe in God and in all that he has revealed
indelible mark
a permanent mark put on our souls at Baptism that shows our initiation into the Church and God's family
Redemption
the act of gaining or regaining possession of something in exchange for payment; Jesus is exchanging his life for us
The New Commandment of Love
Love one another as I have loved you; a covenant in Jesus's blood, fulfills the Old Covenant
Two Sacraments instituted at the Last Supper
1. Eucharist
2. Holy Orders
The source and summit of the Christian life
the Eucharist
Argument of St. Gregory of Nazianzus
If Jesus didn't take on ALL of human nature (both body and soul), then not all of human nature is healed from the wounds of the Fall. Jesus became FULLY human (both body and soul) so that ALL of human nature could be healed.
Argument of St. Anselm
Only God is capable of building the "bridge" (capable of making up for our sin).

Only man SHOULD have to build the bridge (make up for sin) because sin was our fault, not God's fault.

Therefore, it is important for the Savior to be God-Man (fully God and fully man) because then He can do both. As God, He is capable of building the bridge, and as man, he makes up for sin on behalf of humanity.
Heresy
the obstinate denial after Baptism of a truth which must be believed with divine and Catholic faith
Theotokos
A Greek word that means "Mother of God"; a title for Mary meaning "God-bearer" because she bore within her womb the second Person of the Trinity--Jesus
Number of natures Jesus has
2
Number of persons Jesus is
1
Hypostatic union
the unity of human and divine natures in the one divine person of Jesus Christ
Gnostic Docetism-- what did it say about Jesus and What did the council repsond?
Said: Jesus is not fully human and that He has no real body because matter is bad and spirit is good

Response: Has a real body, therefore He's fully human
What did Arianism wrongly say about Jesus?
He is not equal to the Father, He was created not eternal, so He is not fully divine
What council responded to Arianism? What year?
Council of Nicea, 325 AD
What saint argued against Arianism?
St. Athanasius
What did Nicea say about Jesus that defeated Arianism?
- Jesus is consubstantial with the Father; he is eternal and not created, so that means he is fully divine
What did Nestorianism wrongly say about Jesus?
He is 2 persons, therefore Mary is not the "Theotokos" but the "Christokos"
What council responded to Nestoranism? Year?
Council of Ephesus, 431 AD
What saint argued against Nestoranism?
St. Cyril of Alexandria
What did Ephesus say about Jesus that defeated Nestorianism?
Jesus is just 1 person
Mary is the "Theotokos" because she is the Mother of Jesus and Jesus is God
What did Monophysitism wrongly say about Jesus?
Jesus is 1 nature and 1 person
What council responded to Monophysitism? Year?
Council of Chalcedon, 451 AD
What saint argued against Monophysitism?
Pope St. Leo the Great
What did Chalcedon say about Jesus that defeated Monophysitism?
Jesus is 1 person with 2 natures
Why is Jesus not a Liar?
Jesus can't be a liar because his teachings are truth of the matter. A liar would not be able to perform miracles. When He died He had nothing to gain if he was a liar

He would have tried to fight in the Jewish trial because he would have realized that his death was not worth it
Why is Jesus not a lunatic?
Jesus's behavior, teachings, and just He as a person show that he really had no sense of insanity or difference other than the fact that He was God
Why can Jesus only be Lord, then?
Because he is not a liar or lunatic, so Lord is the only option left

Jesus claims to be God, but most other religious leaders don't. Jesus says I am the Way, follow Me.
Reliability of the Bible
ancient documentation

thousands of ancient manuscripts all from the time of Jesus which is way more than Caesar, Homer (better reliability)

Bible is considered sacred; if writers messed up, they would throw away that paper and start over

people who translated the Bible thought it was sacred, so it made them more careful when writing their copy
I AM
The name God gave to Moses from the burning bush

Jesus uses this phrase to claim that He was God:
"I am the Light of the World."
"I am the Good Shepherd."
"I am the Way, the Truth, and the Life."
Why did the Jewish Leaders condemn Jesus to death?
blasphemy (a claim to be God)
Why did the Romans leaders want to kill Jesus?
Treason (a claim to be king)
Pachal Mystery
Passion, Death, Resurrection, and Ascension of Jesus Christ

starts with the Agony in the Garden
Paschal
an adjective describing anything relating to the Jewish feast of Passover (and now, for Christians, anything relating to Easter, the Passover of Christ)

Greek "pascha" = Passover
Hebrew "pesach" = Passover
Hebrew "pasha" = "He passed over
Paschal Lamb
On Passover, the Jewish people sacrificed a Lamb in order to be saved from the Angel of Death as it passed over in Egypt. Jesus can be compared to this because He was sacrificed for the sake of saving us and our sins so our souls do not die for eternity.
Kenosis
"self-emptying"; Philippians 2 speaks of Jesus emptying Himself by becoming human in order to save us

We can be like Jesus in this way by little acts of self-sacrifice for the sake of others and out of love for God
redemptive suffering
In Jesus' death on the Cross, His suffering brings about good for us (our salvation, the gates of heaven opening for us). Suffering now becomes one way that God can bring about good in our lives or bring about good in other people's lives
Why did Jesus descend into hell while he was in the tomb?
To proclaim the Good News and to free the souls of the just who had gone before Him so that they could go to heaven
Who is responsible for Jesus' death?
all sinners
Hematohidrosis
capillaries around the sweat glands burst, causing blood to mingle with sweat

a medical condition that Jesus endured during his Agony in the Garden in the Garden of Gethsemane

rare, but occurs when a person is undergoing very intense anxiety . . . powerfully attests to the intensity of Christ's agony
Common elements of all 4 Resurrection accounts in the Gospels
1. Mary Magdalene present in all
2. All were going to anoint Jesus with spices
3. All happened on the 1st day of the week (Sunday)
4. At least 1 angel at the tomb
5. All had an empty tomb (body is gone)
Characteristic of risen Jesus
1. Physical Body: touchable wounds, able to eat

2. Not bound by the normal laws of physics
- Ascension
- Into the Upper Room (locked)
- Wounds, but not dying from them
- Disappears from the 2 Emmaus men

3. Same body as before, but somehow different in appearance
- even some of Jesus' closest friends could not recognize Him
- wounds from crucifixion

4. Can never die again
Resurrection
the bodily rising of Jesus from the dead on the 3rd day after death on the cross and burial in the tomb

shows us that death and sin are defeated, Satan is crushed (sin can be defeated) and death does not have the last word

it is the proof that Jesus is really God and what He taught is worth believing and He is worth following
Ascension
the entry of Jesus' humanity into the divine glory in God's heavenly domain, 4o days after his Resurrection

seated at God's right hand (a position of honor and authority)
Heaven
the state of supreme and definite happiness, the goal of the deepest longings of humanity, eternal life with God; beatific vision

Gives us:
1. Communion with the Trinity
2. Fulfillment of the deepest human longings
3. The finding of our true identity (fully the person I was made to be)
Hell
The state of definitive self-exclusion from communion with God and the blessed, reserved for those who refuse by their own free choice to believe and be converted from sin, even to the end of their lives

- willfully turning down God's invitation to relationship and persisting in that choice even until death

- perfect suffering because it is perfect absence from God
- exact opposite of what we are made for
Purgatory
a place that souls go after death if they need "cleaning up" before going into heaven

- can only go to heaven after purgatory
Immediate/particular judgement
For each person at the very moment of his/her death

The soul of that person either immediately enters hell, enters heaven, or enters purgatory for purification before heaven
Last/general judgement
Resurrection of the body will precede this judgement

Christ will come in His glory and judge all

The truth of each man's relationship with God will be laid bear and even the furthest consequences of the good each has done or failed to do will be revealed
Resurrection of the body
The unification between the body and soul after the second coming of Christ

Reserved for anyone who did choose God in their life and deserve a second chance at life
Universal call to holiness
Every baptized person is called to seek holiness regardless of his or her state of life
Conscience
The voice of God echoing within a human's heart;
the law of God has been inscribed on every human
heart and ever calls him to love and to do what is
good and to avoid evil
Necessary elements in the life of a disciple of Jesu
Baptism, faith (adherence to Jesus and acceptance of his teaching), Conversion of life, Living the sacramental life, Living a life of prayer
Evangelization
The proclamation of Christ and his Gospel by word and by the testimony of life, in fulfillment of Christ's command.
Summarize the event of the Fall in Genesis 3, and explain how this event put every human being in need of a savior (include a comparison of the state of the world and of human nature before and after the Fall). Explain what would be the case if humans were NOT given a savior and why this would have been the case.
Before the Fall in Genesis 3, there was a state of original holiness and justice in the world. There were the five harmonies between God and man, man and woman, man and creation, body and soul, and within man's soul. The human soul had in intellect that allowed us to fully know the truth, a will that let us love and choose the good, and emotions that help us seek our bodily good in accord with reason. Let's just say that things were pretty good at this time. After the Fall, however, these harmonies were broken and the human soul was faulted. Man just left God and practically said, "I want to be my own God," man and woman began to lie to each other and cheat, man was forced to work hard with creation (labor), and death and suffering came into the picture. The intellect in man's soul was darkened, the will was weakened, and our emotions became unruly. If we do not choose to find happiness in God's Word, then we will try and find artificial happiness in money, fame, and our ego. Humans are in desperate need of a Savior because a gap was created between God and man that did not allow man to enter heaven. We need Jesus to come and bridge that gap between us and God because if not, we would spend an eternity in Hell. Jesus is our only hope for heaven.
Define "Salvation History" and describe—beginning with the Protoevangelium—the process by which God, throughout the Old Testament, revealed Himself to humans and started drawing them back into friendship with Himself. Please include specific people and events in your description.
Salvation history is the story of God's plan to save man from the consequences of sin. This started with the Protoevangelium, a promise from God to send someone to crush the head of the serpent after the Fall. After the promise, God began to make covenants with certain Biblical figures in order to help fulfill this promise. After this promise to Adam in the garden came the covenant with Noah, which was symbolized by a rainbow. This helped God to show that he is still interceding for us. Next, came the covenant with Abraham, which was symbolized by circumcision. Through Abraham, God showed that He is building holy line of descendants leading to Jesus. After Abraham comes Moses. Symbolized by Passover, we see God's intercession to the Israelites in the desert as he sent plagues and the Ten Commandments in order to save His people from Pharaoh and the Egyptians. Through the covenant with Moses, God is showing that He has no plans to abandon his people. Next comes the covenant with David, symbolized by a Temple. Even after the kingdom was divided and conquered, God still stuck with the people. We see this as he sent Jesus, the promised Savior in Genesis 3:15. After Jesus is sent, He institutes the Eucharist and opens the gates of heaven. Salvation history, however, can only be fulfilled if we accept this saving grace from God.
Describe Jesus—his nature(s), his identity, his mission, and the types of things He did and said before his death. Give a special focus to the Luminous Mysteries.
Throughout history after Jesus' death, Resurrection, and Ascension, one question has remained among many people: Who is Jesus? Jesus is the promised Son of God and the Messiah. He became truly main while remaining truly God and is 100% human and 100% divine. He has 2 natures, human and divine, and is not a confused mixture of these. His main mission was to save the world from death and sin through his crucifixion on the cross. We see this mission fulfilled through the Luminous Mysteries. Through the Baptism in the Jordan, Jesus shows that ALL people are called to a life in God and the Church. Next, at the Wedding at Cana, we see Jesus's first public miracle. This tells us that Jesus is God and shows us the New Adam and Eve. Jesus also is telling us that he is the Bridegroom, ready to love us unconditionally. Through the Proclamation of the Kingdom, Jesus is sharing the Word of God to all of us in order to gain insight on the heavenly Kingdom. During the Transfiguration, we see that Jesus' Passion was voluntary as he could have just stayed on the mountain with Peter, James, and John. Lastly, in the Institution of the Eucharist, we see the source of summit of human life. We are given the way to heaven and eternal life. Overall, Jesus was sent not only to lead us to heaven, but actually die on the cross, save our sins, an bridge the gap between God and man.
Describe the Paschal Mystery, summarizing each key event involved in the Paschal Mystery. Give particular focus to the way Jesus died and the events following his death.
The Paschal Mystery, or the Passion, Death, Resurrection, and Ascension of Jesus Christ begins with the Agony in the Garden. After being arrested, Jesus is questioned, scourged, and then sentenced to death on a cross. He was forced to carry his cross through the city with deadly wounds and lacerations covering his body. Now came crucifixion. To start, Jesus was crucified on accounts of blasphemy and treason. He was nailed to a cross and hung for about three hours. Some of the typical causes of death from crucifixion include asphyxiation (suffocation), dehydration, exposure to the elements, sepsis (infection), or blood loss. After being taken down from the cross, Jesus was then placed in the tomb donated by Joseph of Arimathea. He descended into hell and saved the pure souls who had gone before Him. Three days later, Jesus resurrected and appeared to the Apostles in a new bodily state. His resurrected body was still a physical body, but was not bound by the normal laws of physics, the same body as before, and would never die again. After spending 40 days on earth with the Apostles, Jesus ascended into heaven body and soul. He was then seated at the right hand of God the Father and continues to reign in the heavenly kingdom even today.
Explain each of the "four last things." Describe the process by which an individual chooses to accept the gift of heaven and the process by which an individual chooses to spend eternity apart from God in hell.
As a human on earth, our current status is "mission accomplished." The bridge between us and God has been united and mankind has been rescued from the grip of Satan. The only thing left now for us is death, which is accompanied by the "four last things." These last four things are death, judgement, heaven, and hell. Immediately after we die, we are judged by God and our soul will enter into either heaven, hell, or purgatory for a little bit of purification before heaven. If we have accepted God's gift of salvation, then we will be granted the gift of heaven, or eternal life with God. If we choose to deny this gift, however, then we will not be granted into heaven. In order to reach heaven, we must accept and open the gift. Jesus will never force us into eternal friendship with Him and invites us to have a wholehearted commitment. By accepting the gift, we become a disciple of Jesus. Being a disciple also requires us to have faith, Baptism, and a total conversion of life. If we do all of these things in accordance with God's will, then we will receive a state of supreme and definitive happiness, better known as heaven. Being a disciple of Jesus, can, however, seem daunting at times. We are called to a high standard, death to self, denial of sin, persecution, and lots of courage and grace. If we choose to not follow these things, then we will be sentenced to a state of definitive self-exclusion from communion of God and the blessed. God will let us choose whether we want to go to heaven or hell, so we must choose wisely.
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