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RELS 100 EXAM 2

Terms in this set (46)

Sanjiao
the three teachings; Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism
I Ching
the classic book of changes (earliest form was a book on divination)
Divination
predicting the future (fortune telling or interrogation into past events)(interpreting changes). Example: pyromancing was the results from fire indicating a yes/no answer. Also, sacrifice was used to correct changes.
Confucianism (Rujiao)
ru->scholars, jiao->teachings
4 Part Model:
HC->social instability (humans can be good, even great)
UR->Tian (heaven)(divine bureaucracy)
GOAL->1. social stability (society) 2. Ren (embody ren; jonzi)
PATH-> Li (ritual)
Confucius (Kongzi)
born to aristocratic family in a difficult time (father died early; mother primary teacher/figure). Born during "warring states" period. Goal to become political adviser. In old age, became teacher. Analects are a compilation of his teachings/sayings.
Tian
"Heaven" but not really a good place. Ultimate reality in Confucianism. "Supreme god of the gods".
Ren
humaneness, empathy, social virtue
Li
(ritual) etiquette (embodying your proper social role). Venerating Confucius. Path in Confucianism
Literati Daoism
4 Part Model:
HC-> misunderstanding change gives rise to false divisions
UR->Dao (ineffable) (source)
GOALS-> harmony w/the Dao, Harmony w/Natural world; Useless
PATH-> study of philosophical texts (Act w/out doing (free and easy wandering->wuwei))
Laozi
founder of literati daoism. "Old master". Lived for over 200 years.
Dao De Jing
Dao=way, de=power,virtue
yin/yang
things are relative
Dao
way (UR of literati daoism)
Zhuangzi
author of the text of literati daoism; philosopher/man. Government official who left to teach. Posed questions that made an individual question their own perception and implied knowledge. *portrait of zhuangzi, he is significantly smaller than the landscape*
Uselessness
use of uselessness-> a useless tree is able to grow large
Wuwei
acting w/out doing. Part of path in literati daoism.
Organized Daoism
4 Part Model:
HC-> changes that involve entropy, decay, and death
UR-> Dao, pantheon of gods (including demons and ghosts) 1.(organized as bureaucrats_
2. nature spirits
3. ancestors + Lord Lao, gods who embody abstract principles, and Qi (natural energy)
GOAL-> health, longevity, immortality, harmony between Heaven + Earth, Xian
PATH-> biabiao, bodily gestures + movements (ex. qigong)
Lord Lao
Super-human tendencies, embodiment of Dao, creator god, cosmic and supernatural powers, Laozi is a manifestation of Lord Lao (wrote Dao de Jing)
Qi
"if dao is the river, Qi is the water"
Qi is everything
Almost biological (moves through body)
Always changing, vital energy, life force.
2 types:
1. primordial-> original/foundational, basic potential, type of Qi when you're born
2. earthly-> your body is a microcosme of the universe
Baibiao
formal petitioning of the gods through written request (done by priests)
Qigong
dance/breathing exercise/light exercise or movement or stretching. Purpose is to cultivate Qi
Xian
one who has achieved immortality (an immortal)
Ancient Israelite Religion
Had Kingdoms of Israel and Judea (cease to exist)
4 Part Model:
HC-> disobey Yahweh's rules; Sin is Collective
UR->Yahweh. One god. Male. Personal god. Creator god. Transcendent
GOAL-> to uphold the covenant in the Kingdom
PATH-> follow Yahweh's laws, Animal sacrifice at the temple
Israelites
Ethnic group; collection of tribes; organized into the two kingdoms.
Practitioners of Ancient Israelite Religion.
Usually born into religion rather than convert (don't seek to add people to their religion).
They have one god to worship, but did not deny that the gods of other religions existed. They were just told to worship their own god.
Yahweh
personal form of god, male, "one god", creator god, transcendent
Abraham
first of the Israelites
Covenant
An agreement/contract.
Ancient Israelite Religion was practiced as state religion
Yahweh proposed an arrangement with 3 parts:
1. God (Yahweh)
2. Israelites (descendants of Abraham)
3. Israel (promised land)
Trust required on both sides; bond that can be broken
Tanakh
Bible (Hebrew) with laws/rules to follow (from Yahweh) (ex: circumcision)
Distinguish from Christian Bible (Hebrew Bible):
1. Torah-"Instruction" "Law"
2. Nevi'im- prophets
3. Ketuvimp- "sacred writings"
1st and 2nd Temples
sacrifice (animal) to repent for sins basically
Rabbinic Judaism
4 Part Model:
HC-> Sin (borne by community)
UR-> (Yahweh) Adonai
1. ONE
2. Unique (defies description)
3. Just->judgment + mercy
GOAL-> Reconciliation (community)-> ethically improve the world
PATH-> (Devotion) Halakha
Adonai
"my lord"
Covenant:
Yahweh (God)=Adonai
Diaspora
Peoples who are living outside of their homeland.
Associated with Jews because of when the Romans dispersed the Jews and they were left without a homeland therefore existed outside the homeland.
Jews
Understand ancestors to be ancient Israelites.
Both religious and ethnic category/identity
**ethnicity->culture, history, religion, language, and heritage
**race->19th century scientific theory of biological difference
Synagogue
"Gathering together" "Assembly"
Place of worship
1. Torah Shrine
2. Altar
Rabbi
Central figure of authority.
"Teacher"
Mastery of the scriptures.
Ethical determinations.
Writing of commentaries.
Talmud
Commentarial literature composed by Rabbis
Halakha
(Law) "ways/how to behave" or behavior.
Path in Rabbinic Judaism.
3 Aspects:
1. devotion + worship as means of atonement
2. daily behavior/actions-> clothing, diet, calendar
3. study and interpretation of the scriptures
Jewish Emancipation
Prior to Emancipation
Prohibited from entering certain trades but encouraged to take positions (lending money) that Christians were unable to.
Isolated from non-Jewish communities which surrounded them.
Emancipation
19th Century, extension of political + civil rights to Jews, Ghettos opened up, Integration and assimilation became possible (legal restrictions lifted; still had internal conflict)
Enlightenment Ideals:
1. Freedom
2. Equality
3. Brotherhood->concept of a "pub" or "public house" which is the idea that anyone, no matter class, can come together and converse/bond
Reform Judaism
Individual is more of a focus/accountable.
Halakha: interpreted and adapted
Orthodox Judaism
Strict adherence to teachings
Kashrut
Dietary laws.
Kosher-> following the dietary laws of Kashrut
Zionism
The term for Jewish Nationalism.
Theodore Herzl: father of Zionism-> philosopher influenced by enlightenment ideals, wrote a famous article in which he addressed the Jewish problem/question.
Israel (Nation-State)
Established in 1948 when the British left.
Israel was attacked by surrounding countries.
Multi-ethnic state (would mean going up on the ideal of a nation state).
They want to be a majority, not a minority. Lose "Jewish character" as a state
Western Wall
Part of the temple (which was destroyed) that remains standing.
Jews have gone on pilgrimage to worship there ("wailing wall").
Men and women do not worship on the same side. Often said that women do not have equal access to the wall. Debate on how women can worship at the wall.
Temple (Reform Judaism)
Question of if we should have a third temple. Requirements:
1. most Jews live in Israel.
2. Israel needs to be in a state of peace.
3. sincere derive to reestablish temple.
4. sing/mark of prophecy indicating it is time to rebuild temple.
Temple->synagogue:
1. men + women sit together
2. shorten services
3. attempt to have prayers + songs in unison
Anti-Judaism
...
Anit-Semitism
Hatred and oppression of the Jews
Diaspora-> small group in a large community
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