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#4 11.13.2017

Terms in this set (65)

What was the Chinese Monk, Xuanzang, famous for?
Traveling outside of China and obtaining Buddhist literature
Who founded the Sui Dynasty in 589?
Emperor Yang
What chinese constructions would have important economic implications up into the twentieth century?
The Grand Canal
The grand canal stretched from what city in the south to what city in the west?
Hangzhou; Chang'an
Who was the second Tang ruler?
Tang Taizong
What was the Tang plan to avoid land concentration into the hands of the wealthy called?
The Equal Field System
What did Imperial Service Examinations do during the Tang Dynasty?
They Determined an individual's position in the bureaucracy.
What occurred during the Tang Dynasty?
Military Expansion in all Directions, Tributary Relationships, Establishment of the Middle Kingdom
What was the kowtow?
A ritual prostration in which subordinates knelt before the emperor. Used by Diplomatic Tang dynasty
The Tang Emperors invited the Turkish nomads in order to suppress a rebellion by whom?
An Lushan
Who was the founder of the Song dynasty?
Song Taizu
The Song dynasty was weakened by Song Taizu's decision to do what?
Create and maintain a large bureaucracy by purchasing loyalty
Who did the song dynasty fall to in 1279?
The Mongols
What was the most important crop introduced to China during the Tang and Song periods?
Fast-Ripening Rice
Chinese foot binding the the best example of what?
Patriarchal Social Structure
What was the most influential Chinese naval technology?
The Compass
What alleviated the shortage of copper during the Tang and Song periods?
Letters of Credit
What happened in China on the year 1024?
Paper money was introduced
What happened in Dunhuang in western China?
The first Buddhist community was established
Buddhist missionaries translated the term dharma into what Chinese concept?
Dao
What was the most popular school of Buddhism in China?
Pure Land School
What did Tang emperors do in the 840s?
Ordered a closure of Buddhist monasteries
What did the Tang dynasty agree on with the Silla dynasty in the seventh century?
A tributary relationship
Even though the Silla Dynasty copied China in many ways, what did they never do?
Establish a merit-based bureaucracy (it wasn't needed)
What was the Viet people's relationship with China like?
They resented and revolted against Chinese domination
In relation to Chinese influences and traditions, the Vietnamese women had what?
A much more prominent role in society and economy
What is the native religion of Japan?
Shinto
Chinese influence was most profound during what Japanese period?
Nara Japan
The Japanese city of Nara was a copy of what Tang capital?
Chang'an
What did the Minamoto clan do in 1185?
Claimed rule to the land in the emporer's name
What is a mounted warrior?
Samurai
The cultural development of Heian Japan reflects what?
The influence of Chinese traditions and the elaboration of Japanese ways
What was the title of the military governor who ruled in place of the Japanese emperor?
Shogun
What was the biggest reason for increased agricultural production Europe?
The heavy plow
What did the term feudalism refer to?
The political and social order of medieval europe
What was the most important relationship in feudalism between?
Commoners and lords
What did the Mongol and Turkish tribe invasion do?
Made them more prominent than ever
What did the Turkish peoples have in common?
spoke related languages; were all nomads; never became on big empire
What did the environment of central Asia do?
Force a nomadic lifestyle
What were Yurts?
Large tents made of wool
What was kumiss?
An alcoholic drink made by fermenting mare's milk
What limited the development of central Asian societies?
Climate; lack of water; Land Fertility
What were the two classes of Nomadic class structure?
Nobles and Commoners
How was the noble class obtained in nomadic society?
By earning it
What did the earliest Turkish religion revolve around?
Shamans
What religions became popular among Turkish tribes?
Buddhism, Nestorian, Christianity, Manichaeism
What religions did the Turks living near the Abbasid empire begin to convert to?
Islam
What was the political power of the khan's based on?
Allied tribes
What was the nomadic peoples' military might based on?
Cavalry forces
What does the term sultan mean?
Chieftain or Ruler
How big were Chinggis Khan's armies?
125,000 troops
What was the Mongol Capital in Asia after 1215?
Khanbaliq
What did Chinggis Khan do with his empire?
Never established a central government, sent overlords to oversee affairs instead
The Chaghatai Khans ruled what part of the world?
Central Asia
What was Kubilai Khan proclaimed as in 1279?
Emperor of Yuan Dynasty
How many years did Marco Polo spend at the court of Kubilai Khan?
About 20 years
What happened to Kubilai Khan's military and imperial persuits?
They failed
What happened to the Mongol naval campaign against Japan in 1281?
It was thwarted by a typhoon
Who dominated Russia in the thirteen to fifteen centuries?
The Golden Horde
What religion did Ilkhan Ghazan covert to in 1295?
Islam
What did the Mongols do during their rule in China?
Stool aloot from their subjects and actively resisted Chinese culture
What happened during the Mongol domination?
Long-distance trade became less risky
How did the Mongols bring about greater integration of the Eurasian peoples?
Through trade, diplomacy, Missionary Efforts, and resettlement
Why did the ilkhanate in Persia bring a rapid downfall in the 1290s?
By introducing paper money (was ineffective because there was no base)
Who was the fourteenth century Turkish ruler who weakened the Golden Horde, sacked Delhi, and launched Campaigns against south west Asia and Anatolia?
Tamerlane
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