Upgrade to remove ads
Only $2.99/month

Bio 150 chapter 19

Terms in this set (50)

A patient with essential hypertension might have pressures of 200/120 mm Hg. This hypertensive state could result in all of the following changes except ________.
decreased size of the heart muscle
A thrombus (blood clot) in the first branch of the arch of the aorta would affect the flow of blood to the ________.
right side of the head and neck and right upper arm
Aldosterone will ________.
promote an increase in blood pressure
Arteriolar blood pressure increases in response to all but which of the following?
falling blood volume
Blood flow to the skin ________.
increases when environmental temperature rises
Brain blood flow autoregulation ________.
is abolished when abnormally high CO2 levels persist
Cerebral blood flow is regulated by ________.
intrinsic autoregulatory mechanisms
Factors that aid venous return include all except ________.
urinary output
Histologically, the ________ is squamous epithelium supported by a sparse connective tissue layer.
tunica intima
If blood pressure is almost normal in a person who has lost blood, does that mean the tissues are receiving adequate blood flow?
not necessarily
In the dynamics of blood flow through capillaries, hydrostatic pressure ________.
is the same as capillary blood pressure
Mechanisms that do not help regulate blood pressure include ________.
the dural sinus reflex
Modified capillaries that are lined with phagocytes are called ________.
sinusoids
Normal average blood pressure for a newborn baby is ________.
90/55
Peripheral resistance ________.
increases as blood viscosity increases
Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ________.
capillaries
Secondary hypertension can be caused by ________.
arteriosclerosis
Select the correct statement about blood flow.
Blood flow through the entire vascular system is equivalent to cardiac output.
Select the correct statement about factors that influence blood pressure.
Excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase.
The arteries that are also called distributing arteries are the ________.
muscular arteries
The arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called ________.
arterioles
The form of circulatory shock known as hypovolemic shock is ________.
shock that results from large-scale loss of blood volume, or after severe vomiting or diarrhea
The influence of blood vessel diameter on peripheral resistance is ________.
significant because resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius
The most common type of blood capillary is the ________.
continuous capillary
The pulse pressure is ________.
systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure
The short-term controls of blood pressure, mediated by the nervous system and bloodborne chemicals, primarily operate via all but which of the following?
altering blood volume
The term ductus venosus refers to ________.
a special fetal vessel that allows umbilical blood to bypass the liver
The velocity of blood flow is ________.
slowest in the capillaries because the total cross-sectional area is the greatest
What do the ductus arteriosus and the foramen ovale become at birth?
ligamentum arteriosum; fossa ovalis
Where in the body would you find low oxygen levels causing vasoconstriction and high levels causing vasodilation?
lungs
Which of the choices below does not explain why low capillary pressures are desirable?
Low blood pressure is associated with longer life span than high blood pressure.
Which of the choices below does not involve tissue perfusion?
blood clotting
Which of the choices below explains why the arterioles are known as resistance vessels?
The contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in their walls can change their diameter.
Which of the choices below reflects the balance (or imbalance) between the direction and amount of fluid that flows across the capillary walls?
hydrostatic and osmotic pressure
Which of the following are involved directly in pulmonary circulation?
right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and left atrium
Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension?
170/96 in a 50-year-old man
Which of the following chemicals does not help regulate blood pressure?
nitric acid
Which of the following do not influence arterial pulse rate?
the vessel selected to palpate
Which of the following is a type of circulatory shock?
vascular, due to extreme vasodilation as a result of loss of vasomotor tone
Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise?
Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood.
Which of the following is the most significant source of blood flow resistance?
blood vessel diameter
Which of the following is true about veins?
Veins are called capacitance vessels or blood reservoirs.
Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure?
emotional state
Which of the following is not true regarding fenestrated capillaries?
Fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier.
Which of the following processes provides a long-term response to changes in blood pressure?
baroreceptor-initiated reflexes
Which of the following signs of hypovolemic shock is a relatively late sign?
rapidly falling blood pressure
Which of the following statements regarding the hepatic portal system is false?
It branches off of the inferior vena cava.
Which of the following would not result in the dilation of the feeder arterioles and opening of the precapillary sphincters in systemic capillary beds?
Correct a local increase in pH
Which statement best describes arteries?
All carry blood away from the heart.
Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation?
tunica media
YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE...