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Chapter 5

Terms in this set (33)

Affirmative Action
policy designed to give special attention/ treatment to members of a previously disadvantaged group
Americans with disabilities act
law passed in 1990 that requires employers and facilities to make reasonable accommodations for people with disabilities, prohibits discrimination in the work force
black codes
laws passed after civil war in the south that restricted African Americans freedoms
civil disobedience
form of political participation based on conscience decision to break a law believed to be unjust and to suffer the consequences
civil rights
policies designed to protect groups of people
civil rights act of 1964
law that made discrimination in public places illegal
comparable worth
concept of equal pay for equal work
de facto segregation
segregation that happens by fact
de jure segregation
segregation that happens by law
equal protection of the laws
part of 14th amendment that laws must provide equal protection to all
equal right amendment
was not ratified but was supposed to provide equality to all sexes
fifteenth amendment
allowed African american to vote
grandfather clause
exempts classes of people or things from the requirements of legislation affecting their previous rights, privileges, or practices
jim crow laws
laws passed in the south after the civil war encouraging segregation
poll taxes
small taxes levied on the right to vote, used to exclude African Americans from voting, abolished in the 24th amendment
reverse discrimination
practice of favoring individuals belonging to groups known to have been discriminated previously
suffrage
legal right to vote in the us, rights extended to citizens over 18
thirteenth amendment
forbade slavery and involuntary servitude
title IX
no person should be excluded because of their sex in educational programs and activities
twenty fourth amendment
1964- declared poll taxes unconstitutional
voting rights at of 1965
helped destroy formal and informal barriers around voting for African Americans, led to increased registration and African american elected officials
white primary
primary elections that excluded African Americans, declared unconstitutional in 1944
14th amendment
- equal protection clause-everyone has equal protection of the laws
-citizenship clause
- due process clause- can't take away life or property with out due process of the law
strict scrutiny
form of judicial review that courts use to determine if a law is constitutional or not
reasonable judicial scrutiny
if there is a rational basis, then discrimination may occur (blind drivers)
inherently suspect judicial scrutiny
discrimination can occur only if there is compelling state interest (Japanese internment)
substantial relationship judicial scrutiny
close relationship between categories and purpose of law, primarily applied to gender (all male draft)
era of slavery
1600-1825, public policy- property interest of slave owners, dred scott v. sandford (slaves are chattel), 13th amendment
era of reconstruction and re segregation
1865-1954, jim crow laws establish de jure segregation, plessy v. ferguson
disenfranchisement
poll taxes, literacy tests, white primary
era of civil rights
1954-now, brown v. board of education, civil rights act of 1964 (racial discrimination is illegal), de facto segregation, swann v. charolette-mecklenberg (diversity can be forced)
wall of separation
we have this, however it is not completely secure. we have let cracks develop between church and state
prior restraint
censorship is ok if the country's national security is being threatened or in schools
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