Bev management 10/3/17

White grapes only produce white wine and red grapes only produce red wine
Click the card to flip 👆
1 / 31
Terms in this set (31)
White grapes only produce white wine and red grapes only produce red wine
False

White grapes do only produce white wine, but red grapes can do the same
What is Fermentation?
Squeezing the juice from the grapes and the yeasts that grow naturally on the grape skins will cause the juice and the skins to ferment
wine process
harvest
crushing/destemming
white wine...pressing than fermentation
red wine...fermentation than pressing
When does fermentation stop or does it?
Fermentation ends when the alcohol reaches 14% by volume

Reason: There is no more sugar to convert to alcohol
But Jeff,
some wines and fortified wines have more than 14% alcohol? How can that be?
These wines or fortified wines have additional sugar or brandy added to the wine.

The Alcohol can range from 14% to 24%
Aperitifs and dessert wines
Dessert wines are served with dessert
- Fortified Wines such as sherry or port
- Can include sweet wines such as sauterne

Aperitif wines are served before meals as an appetizer or cocktail
- Can be a Vermouth, Dubonnet or Campari
Can a wine have a second Fermentation?
-Champagne has a second fermentation
-During second fermentation yeast and sugar are added which causes Carbon Dioxide to form. This causes the bubbles in Champagne
-The Classic Champagne method of second fermentation takes place in the bottle (which it will be sold in)
Domaine Chandon Napa Sparkling Wine is considered a true champagne?
False
True Champagne
Champagne by law must only come from the champagne district of France

American Champagne must be designated as American Champagne or Sparkling Wine, California Champagne or New York State Champagne
What are some factors that effect the outcome of wine
-Wine Fermentation
- Geography and Climate
- Blending
-Aging and Maturing
- Wine Storage
Factors that effect FermentationYeast Temperature Environment HandlingGeography and climateSoil-physical attributes of soil can effect the outcome of the grapes - Texture - Porosity - Drainage - DepthWhy do Grapes tend to prosper in gravelly or rocky soil?the soil provides -good drainage -encourages development of a stable root support needed for grape production -keeps the roots above 50 degrees at nightBest growing regionswhen there are 120-150 frost free days Allows grape vine to leaf out, send new roots, blossom and grow rich fruitGrowing RegionsRegions with the minimum amount of frost free days produce wines that are dry and crisp -Low alcohol content in the wines due to grapes ripping without sugar -grapes have to be fermented to get minimum amount of sugar Grapes produced in warm growing regions lack sufficient acidity to be good table winesbetter growing regionsslopes of hills-allows for solar radiation and cold air rolls off the hillside more quickly souther slopes are ideal Vineyards with southern aspects (for theNorthern Hemisphere) warm earlier in the spring and the vines may undergo bud break earlier than vineyards with northern aspects. The early bud break is desirable in locations that do not have a danger of spring frost because it translates into earlier bloom and harvest of the fruit.Aging and maturing of wine-The storage of wines after fermentation but before bottling Allows further chemical reactions with a small amount of air Allows wine to settle React with Oak barrels Flocculent (suspended) material settles to the bottom of the cask as sediment or lees Wine at various times throughout it aging process has the lees run off and wine is moved into another container. This is referred to as rackingAging WineSmall Oak Casks -Wood encourages desirable changes in the taste and texture Creates a smoother and softer wine--generally only aged over the winter and bottled during the spring for white wines and summer for red winesWine can be stored in an area that has constant light and has a temperature of 66 degrees?falseProper Wine StorageWine should be stored in an area that is not to dry or moist Storage should be 55 degrees for reds and slightly lower for whites. If stored together store at 50 degrees Temperatures above 65 degrees can be harmful to wines Fluctuating temperatures can be harmful to wines Light is harmful to wines. Light should only be used when necessaryproper storageWines should be stored on their sides Champagne does not need to be stored on its sidethe impact of oak on wineBarrel agingPurposes from and food and wine pairing standpoint: Impacts color and aroma Impacts retro-nasal sensations Impacts body Impacts astringencyHow do you know when wine has been aged in oak?Price -the use of oak barrels is not cheap! Most red wines are aged in oak Common for Chardonnay and some Sauvignon Blanc Label description or winemaker's notes: Barrel aged, barrel select, barrel fermented, oak aging, "aromas of vanilla", etc.Wine storage in barrelsOverall red wine effects: Slow oxidation softens wine tannin and increases red color intensity Expands the wine's complexity Water and alcohol evaporation increases dry extract and flavor -Gradual development of an aged bouquetBarrel characteristics that impact effectsBarrel size (50 and 60 gallon as well 80 to 135 gallon [300 to 500 liters]) -smaller barrels equals more wine surface contact with oak Barrel toasting -light, medium and heavy -French or American oak New or used barrelsBarrel Toasting-Common to toast the inside surface of barrels with an open fire -Gives a very distinct aroma -fresh bread, butterscotch, toasted almond -particularly in white wine aged in toasted oak.French vs. American oakWhile new French oak has been shown to contribute more solid extracts and phenol, the concentration of vanillin was found to be higher in American oak. -The compound that impacts vanillin levels has the highest impact on "oaky" impression. -French oak is more expensive than American oak. But, is thought to create more complexity and softer tannins in wine. Offering textures of satin or silk The expected barrel lifetime of a 60 gallon French oak barrel is about 600 bottles (about 300 bottles for two vintages). Using French oak instead of American oak adds a cost of about $.90 per finished bottle of winethe wine labelBrand Vintage Date Appellation of origin Viticultural area Net contents varietal designations other designations estate bottled name and address country of origin alcohol content declaration of sulfites health warning statement government warningAcacia Pinot NoirOur 2015 Pinot Noir reveals itself in elegant turns—from vibrant red cherry, raspberry and juicy dark plum, to hints of sun-warmed red rose petal and fragrant oak spices. The textbook perfect 2015 vintage gave us time to focus on each and every vineyard block as they ripened under sunny skiesMacMurrayEstate Vineyards Pinot NoirThe third in a string of outstanding vintages in the Russian River Valley, 2014 got off to an early start with a short bloom season and desirable fruit set. The absence of significant weather events meant grapes ripened evenly in a mild growing season that remained temperate for its duration apart from cooler, occasionally damp weather in September, which allowed flavors to catch up in what was still a historically early harvest.