Psychology Chapters 11 and 12

Terms in this set (53)

Fill in the Blank- The 5 distinct emotional expressions of 1-month old infants

Interest, Surprise, Joy, Anger, and Fear

Early Origins of Achievement Motivation (and briefly define each phase)

Joy in Mastery- infants are visibly pleased to master challenges.

Approval Seeking- anticipate how others will evaluate their performances.

Use of Standards- Children begin to react more independently to their successes and failures.

Our perception or image of our abilities and our uniqueness.

Used to describe a person's overall sense of self- worth or personal value.

Self-Recognition

Ability to recognize oneself in a mirror or a photograph.

Relational Self-Worth

Feelings of self-esteem within a specific relationship context; may differ across relationship context.

Gender Stereotyping

Overgeneralized attitudes and behaviors that are considered normal and appropriate for a person.

Gender Similarities Hypothesis

Males and females from childhood to adulthood are more alike than different on most psychological variables.

When child becomes aware of their gender and develops motives, values, and behaviors believed apt for members of that sex.

Social Roles Hypothesis

Psychological differences between the sexes and are created by differences in socially assigned parts that men and women play.

Influences that affect our thought and behavior in social situations.

Multiple Choice- Emotional Self-Regulation

Strategies for managing emotions or adjusting emotional arousal to an apt level of intensity.

Emotional Competence

Frequent expressions of more positive emotions and relatively infrequent displays of negative ones.

Competent Emotional Knowledge

Ability to correctly identify other people's feelings and factors responsible for those emotions.

Competent Emotional Regulation

Ability to adjust one's experience and expression of emotional arousal to a correct level of intensity to achieve one's goals.

Social Competence

Ability to achieve personal goals in social interactions while continuing to maintain positive relationships with others.

Period in which infants respond in an equally favorable way to interesting social and nonsocial stimuli.

Phase of Indiscriminate Attachments Period

Period which infants prefer.

Phase of Specific Attachment

Between 7 and 9 months of age when infants are attached to one close companion.

Phase of Multiple Attachments

Infants are forming connections to companions other than their primary caregiver.

Sensorimotor Play

Helps kids improve both individual gross and fine muscle strength and overall integration of muscles, nerves, brain functions.

Repetition of behavior when new skills are being learned.

Occurs when the child transitions the physical environment into a symbol.

Play that involves interactions with friends.

Constructive Play

When children manipulate their environment to create things.

Kids learn the skills to abstract and to experiment with language and emotions.

Matching- Basic Emotions

Present at birth or emerging early in the first year that some theorists believe to be biologically programmed.

Complex Emotions

Self-conscious emotions that emerge in the second year and depend, in part, on cognitive development.

Use of a caregiver as a base from which to explore the environment.

Learning in which the young of certain species will follow and become attached to moving objects.

Preadapted Characteristic

Increases the chances of survival for the individual and the species.

Kewpie Doll Effect

Notion that infant-like facial features are perceived as cute and lovable.

Critical Thinking

Involves intellectual reasoning and efficiently evaluating the evidence.

Creative Thinking

Ability to think in new and unusual ways and to come up with unique solutions to problems.

Convergent Thinking

Produces one correct answer.

Divergent Thinking

Produces many different answers to the same question.

Obedience and Punishment

At this stage, children see rules as fixed and absolute.

Individualism and Exchange

Children account for individual points of view and judge actions based on how they serve individual needs.

Interpersonal Relationships

Focused on living up to social expectations and roles.

Maintaining Social Order

People begin to consider society as a whole when making judgements.

Social Contract and Individual Rights

People begin to account for the differing values, opinions, and beliefs of other people.

Universal Principles

People follow these internalized principles of justice, even if they conflict with laws and rules.

Bonus Points Which gender has a slight edge over the other gender

Visual/Spatial Abilities

Mathematical Ability

Fear and Timidity

Developmental Vulnerability

Emotional Expressivity/ Sensitivity

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