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Ch# 10-11 anthro

Terms in this set (31)

power
The ability to influence or cause people or groups to do certain things that they would not do otherwise.
Imitative Magic
A type of magic based on the notion that working magic on an image of an animal or person will cause the same effect on the actual animal or person.
Contagious Magic
A type of magic based on the idea that something that has contact with a person or animal contains some essence of that being and magic performed on the item will have the same effect as if performed
monotheistic
A belief system that focuses on one all-powerful supernatural being.
Law
The cultural rule formulated by a society and backed up by sanctions.
stratified society
A society with unequal access to resources within the same gender and status group.
shaman
A part-time practitioner of the supernatural who has special powers to mediate between the supernatural world and the community.
social control
Process involving a structure and mechanisms to ensure that people do not violate the society's accepted forms of behavior.
revitalization movement
An organized movement that occurs during times of change that involve perceived loss of traditional cultural values.
egalitarian society
A society where individuals within the same category of age and gender have equal access to wealth, prestige and power.
Cheifdom
A type of society with a hereditary office of chief, social stratification, and redistributive economy
supernatural belief
A belief that transcends the observable, natural world.
supernatural being
An invisible being that exhibits form, personality, attitudes, and powers.
polytheistic
A belief system consisting of many supernatural beings of approximately equal power.
supernatural forces
Unseen powers that are not personified and may be manipulated to achieve good or evil.
rank society
A society where the individual's access to prestige and wealth is limited by the number of positions available.
priest
A full-time supernatural practitioner who is part of a bureaucracy.
magic
The techniques used to manipulate supernatural forces and beings.
rite of intensification
Ritual, often seasonal, that reinforces group solidarity, cultural values and group social and political status relationships.
Authority
The exercise of legitimate power, the right to rule invested by members of the community in its leaders.
Prophet
One who has had direct communication with a god. Often receives a message that articulates a plan of action for the group.
band
A societal type common in foraging groups and marked by egalitarian social structure and lack of specialization.
community
An association of people who share a common identity, including geographic boundaries, common language, and culture.
rites of passage
Ritual associated with the social movement of an individual from one culturally defined role and status to another
social stratification
Ascribed and achieved differences between two classes within a society.
deviance
The violation of an ideal pattern of behavior within a society.
sodality
A group that cross-cuts a society and whose membership is based on common interest rather than kinship or residence.
tribe
A type of society marked by egalitarian social structure, based on horticultural and pastoral economies, and integrated by various types of kinship organizations and sodalities.
class
A group of people who have a similar relationship to wealth, power, and prestige.
ritual
Behavior that is formalized, regularly repeated and has symbolic content.
caste
A ranked group with membership determined at birth.
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