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Neal VA AP The Unfinished Nation Chapter 24

Terms in this set (29)

"bank holiday"
March 6 FDR issued proclamation closing all American banks for four days until Congress could meet in special session to consider banking reform legislation. Created a general sense of relief and hope.
National Recovery Act (NRA)
(Result of impulses like suspension of antitrust laws and recognition of workers' right to bargain through unions (also to ensure wages rose along with prices...and to create jobs and increase consumer buying power). Under direction of Hugh S. Johnson. Encountered serious difficulties... READ BOOK.
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
Senator Rober Wagner (NY) introduced Wagner Act 1935, which introduced this (NLRB). Compelled employers to recognize and bargain with legitimate unions. FDR signed (somewhat reluctantly b/c he knew his political future depended on responding to demands).
John L. Lewis
Most prominent advocate of industrial unionism... Leader of United Mine Workers. First attempted to work within AFL but friction between new industrial organizations and older craft unions grew. Created CIO.
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Under Harry Hopkins. Established 1935 as a system of work relief for unemployed (but much bigger). Kept average of 2.1 million workers employed and pumped needed money into economy. Other relief agencies emerged....
Fair Labor Standards Act
introduced a maximum 44-hour seven-day workweek, established national minimum wage, guaranteed "time and a half" (overtime), and prohibited child labor.
Frances Perkins
FDR appointed first female member of cabinet in nation's history. (Named 100 other women to lower levels... wanted to obtain special protection for women). She spoke out against "pin-money worker" (married woman working for extra money).
"fireside chats"
reassured Americans govt will get things done. Made sure they knew that he understood situations and have solutions.
Emergency Banking Act
Three days after "bank holiday." Generally conservative bill designed to protect larger banks from being dragged down by weakness of smaller ones. Provided Treasury Department inspection of all banks before allowed to reopen, fed assistance to troubled institutions, and thorough reorganization of banks in greatest difficulty. Helped dispel panic...
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
June 1934 an act established to police stock market.
Twenty-first Amendment
FDR signed bill that legalized manufacture and sale of beer with 3.2% alcohol content, which pended repeal of prohibition... and in 1933 the constitutional amendment was ratified
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
Govt told individual farmers how much to produce and paid subsidies for leaving some land idle. Helped to bring rise in prices for farm commodities after 1933. Favored larger farmers. 1936 Supreme Court said it had no constitutional authority, but created new legislation to pay farmers to reduce production
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Most conspicuous success for regional planning. Created in May 1933. Authorized to complete dam at Muscle Shoals and build others in region (generating and selling electricity from to public at reasonable rates). Supposed to encourage growth of local industries, supervising reforestation, and helping farmers' productivity. Improved water transportation and gave electricity. Tennessee valley still impoverished region
Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
FDR's first acts as president. Provided cash grants to states to prop up bankrupt relief agencies. Chose Harry Hopkins. For work relief... grants weren't enough so Civil Works Admin created... temporary projects Nov 1933-April 1934.
Harry Hopkins
Wanted to pump money into economy and provide assistance to people with nowhere else
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