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APUSH: Unit 4 Part 1

Terms in this set (50)

social darwinism
- was a dominant philosophy of the gilded age in which free competition in the economy, like natural selection in the biological area, would ensure survival of the fittest for companies and people
horatio alger
- wrote books that celebrated the "rags to riches" story and created a positive attitude towards business leaders in the post-Civil War era
frederick jackson turner
according to history -, a key factor in the development of american individualism and democracy was the frontier, and now without it urban squalor will follow
gospel of wealth
andrew carnegie's article entitled the - argued that god rewarded hard work with riches and at the same time demanded that the rich use their wealth to benefit society
vertical integration
businessmen of the gilded age controlled industries using -, in which all suppliers were bought up in a certain industry
horizontal consolidation
businessmen of the gilded age controlled industries using -, in which companies producing similar products merge
cattle
cities like abilene (KS), dodge city (KS), and chicago experienced massive population growth as a result of the boom of the - frontier after the civil war
brooklyn bridge
completed in 1883, the - became the symbol of the emergence of steel as a dominant building material
sherman antitrust act
during the last decade of the nineteenth century, the primary use of the - was to curb the power of labor unions
karl marx
european philosopher - scared capitalist minded americans with his talk of worker exploitation, alienation, and revolution
great railroad strike/ pullman strike
federal troops were used to crush both the - and the - during the gilded age, thus signaling federal support for the forces of management in the gilded age
transformer
george westinghouse invented the - to distribute electricity more effectively
a century of dishonor
helen hunt jacksons - was significant because it aroused public awareness of the wrongs that the federal government had inflicted on american indians
south
if theres one region that was "left behind" in all the industrializing that happened after the civil war its the -. despite words of advice from henry grady, little progress was made
lock out
in an effort to break unions, company owners used that - to exclude workers form the factory, like the opposite of a strike
US vs EC Knight co
in the case of -, the supreme court narrowly interpreted the sherman anti trust act and thus limited the extent to which that act could be effective
14th amendment
in the case of santa clara v the southern pacific railroad, the supreme court interpreted the - to confer legal rights on corporations, thus making state regulation of the trusts that much harder
in re debs
perhaps the most famous use of the injunction to stop striking workers was the case of - aimed at ending the pullman strike
dry farming
techniques like "-" helped farmers on the western frontier succeed in extreme condition
bessemer process
the - improved the production of steel during the gilded age
dawes severalty act
the - of 1887 eliminated most tribal land ownership in favor of ownership by individuals
interstate commerce act
the - outlawed unfair pricing activities on the part of railroads and based pools and rebates at the federal level
transcontinental railroad
the - was completed in 1869 at promontory point, UT and came to symbol the interconnected nature of america's industrial economy during the gilded age
ghost dance movement
the "-" was a religious movement that promised the destruction of the white man and the return of indian land
wabash v illinois
the court case of - undermined the strength and success of the grange movement and led to its final demise
dawes severalty act
the intent of the - of 1887 was to assimilate american indians into the mainstream of american culture
typewriter
the invention of the - in 1867 led to the creation of new jobs for women as secretaries/clerical workers
wounded knee
the last battle between the US army and american indians, often recognized symbolically as the death of plains indian culture, was fought at - in 1890
pullman strike
the precipitating factor in the 1894 - was the cutting of wages without proportionate cuts in company housing rents
scabs
these replacement workers undermined the power of unions throughout the gilded age
credit mobilier scandal
the 1872 scandal caused many people to wonder who controlled the government- the people or corporations?
interstate commerce commission
this agency represented the first attempt by the government to regulate the railroad industry
JD rockefeller
this businessman dominated the oil industry using the technique of "horizontal consolidation"
cornelius vanderbilt
this businessman dominated the railroad industry using the techniques such as pools, rebates, and kickbacks
andrew carnegie
this businessman dominated the steel industry using the technique of "vertical integration"
JP morgan
this businessman is most linked with interlocking directorates and holding companies
kerosene
this byproduct of petroleum helped to light and heat houses in the gilded age
alexander graham bell
this inventor perfected the telephone in 1876
eugene v debs
this labor leader led the failed pullman strike, went to jail, and eventually led the socialist movement of the early 20th century
sherman antitrust act
this legislation was the first attempt by the federal government to outlaw monopolistic practices
electricity
this power source began to replace coal and water during the gilded age
collective bargaining
this term refers to group negotiations undertaken between management and labor
lightbulb
this was the most famous invention patented by thomas edison in 1876
acres of diamonds
traveling preacher russell conceal spread carnegie's ideas about wealth far and wide in his sermon called -
blacklist
unions were weakened when company owners compiled and passed around a - of labor leaders who wouldn't be hired
mining
western cities like san francisco, sacramento, and denver experienced massive population growth as a result of the room of the - frontier after the civil war
haymarket square riot
which event led to the demise of the knights of labor?
american federation of labor
which labor organization of the gilded age endorsed the philosophy of "bread and butter" unionism by concentrating on demands for higher wages and shorter hours?
american federation of labor
which labor union of the gilded age had a policy of organizing only white, male, skilled craftsmen?
samuel gompers
who led the american federation of labor in its early decades?
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