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Chapter 22 - Respiratory Practice Quiz

Terms in this set (30)

Air moves into the lungs because:

a.the gas pressure in the lungs becomes lower than the outside pressure as the diaphragm contracts.
b. contraction of the diaphragm decreases the volume of the pleural cavity.
c. the thorax is muscular.
d. the volume of the lungs decreases with inspiration.
e.the internal intercostal muscles decrease the thoracic cavity volume.
a. the gas pressure in the lungs becomes lower than the outside pressure as the diaphragm contracts.
Boyle's law states that volume changes lead to pressure changes.
Alveolar ventilation rate is:

a. the utilization of oxygen by alveolar cells to support metabolism.
b. the movement of air into and out of the alveoli during a particular time.
c. the movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood.
d. less than the pulmonary ventilation rate because of dead space.
e. movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the alveoli.
b. the movement of air into and out of the alveoli during a particular time.
AVR = Breaths per minute × (TV - Dead space)
Hemoglobin has a tendency to release oxygen where:

a. partial pressures of oxygen are higher.
b. pH is more acidic.
c. partial pressures of carbon dioxide are lower.
d. temperature is lower.
e. pH is more alkaline.
b. pH is more acidic.
The Bohr effect helps unload oxygen.
In the alveoli, the partial pressure of oxygen is

a. about 104 mmHg.
b. lower than the PO2 of venous blood.
c. much higher than the PO2 of arterial blood.
d. the same as the PO2 of venous blood.
e. equal to that in the tissues.
a. about 104 mmHg.
The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is ~104 mmHG, which is about 35% less than that of the atmospheric PO2.
Most of the carbon dioxide transported by the blood is:

a. bound to the same protein as carbon dioxide.
b. converted to bicarbonate ions and transported in plasma.
c. bound to hemoglobin.
d. dissolved in plasma.
e. carried by white blood cells.
b. converted to bicarbonate ions and transported in plasma.
Seventy percent of CO2 is converted to bicarbonate ions and transported in plasma.
The elastic cartilage that shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the:

a. thyroid cartilage.
b. cuneiform cartilage.
c. epiglottis.
d. cricoid cartilage.
e. corniculate cartilage.
c. epiglottis.
The epiglottis shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing. This prevents aspiration of food and drink.
The movement of air into and out of the lungs is called:

a. cellular respiration.
b. oxidative phosphorylation.
c. internal respiration.
d. external respiration.
e. pulmonary ventilation.
e. pulmonary ventilation.
Both inspiration and expiration are components of pulmonary ventilation.
This tissue lines the trachea.

a. Simple squamous epithelium
b. Hyaline cartilage
c. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
d. Stratified squamous epithelium
e. Areolar connective tissue
c. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
The cilia of pseudostratified columnar epithelium move mucus to the pharynx.
Which respiratory measurement is normally the greatest?

a. Tidal volume
b. Inspiratory capacity
c. Residual volume
d. Vital capacity
e. Expiratory reserve volume
d. Vital capacity
Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiratory event.
Which respiratory structure has the smallest diameter?

a. Bronchi
b. Trachea
c. Bronchiole
d. Pharynx
e. Larynx
c. Bronchiole
The bronchioles are air passages under one millimeter in diameter.
Involuntary hyperventilation during an anxiety attack can cause the person to become faint because of:

a. lowered CO2 levels in the blood and consequent constriction of cerebral blood vessels.
b. decreased O2 levels in the blood, causing cells to lack enough ATP.
c. effects of increased O2 levels in the blood and consequent constriction of cerebral blood vessels.
d. increased temperature caused by increased intercostal muscle activity.
e. increased CO2 levels caused by increase in cellular respiration, reducing brain perfusion and causing ischemia
a. lowered CO2 levels in the blood and consequent constriction of cerebral blood vessels.
Lowered CO2 levels in the blood cause cerebral blood vessels to constrict, reducing brain perfusion and causing ischemia.
Which of the following gases has no effect in the blood until hyperbaric conditions occur (as in SCUBA diving when one stays down too long at great depths), when a condition called ""rapture of the deep"" occurs, producing a narcotic-like effect, as this gas interacts with other blood chemicals?

a. Nitrogen
b. Oxygen
c. Carbon monoxide
d. Carbon dioxide
e. Helium
a. Nitrogen
Nitrogen makes up about 79% of atmospheric gas and has no effect at normal atmospheric pressures; however, hyperbaric conditions for extended periods of time result in nitrogen narcosis, or "rapture of the deep"
Which of the following terms describes the increase in depth and force of breathing that occurs during vigorous exercise?

a. Hyperpnea
b. Anoxia
c. Hypoxia
d, Hypercapnia
e. Hyperventilation
a. Hyperpnea
During vigorous exercise, breathing becomes deeper and more vigorous, but the respiratory rate might not change significantly. This is called hyperpnea.
Approximately 20% of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as:

a. carbaminohemoglobin.
b. dissolved gas in the plasma.
c. oxyhemoglobin.
d. hydrogen ions.
e. bicarbonate ions.
a. carbaminohemoglobin.
Just over 20% of carbon dioxide binds chemically to the amino acids of hemoglobin to form carbaminohemoglobin.
Which of the following controls the respiratory rate?

a. Medulla
b. Pons
c. Alveolar sacs
d. Spinal cord
e. Cerebral cortex
a. Medulla
The inspiratory center in the medulla generates the basic respiratory rhythm.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the conducting zone?

a. Cleansing of air
b. Warming of air
c. Gas exchange
d. Mucous secretion
e. Transport of air
c. Gas exchange
The walls of the conducting zone are too thick to allow gas exchange.
Which of the following statements about voice production is INCORRECT?

a. The more tense the vocal cords, the higher the pitch.
b. Loudness of voice depends on the size of the vocal cords.
c. The larynx enlarges in males during puberty.
d. The glottis is wide when deep tones are produced.
b. Loudness of voice depends on the size of the vocal cords.
This is a correct statement.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the trachealis muscle?

a. It allows the esophagus to expand anteriorly when food is swallowed.
b. It decreases the diameter during expiration to expel air with a greater force.
c. It prevents the trachea from collapsing and keeps it patent, despite the pressure changes that take place during breathing.
d. It helps expel mucus during coughing.
c. It prevents the trachea from collapsing and keeps it patent, despite the pressure changes that take place during breathing.
This is a correct statement.
An example of an enzyme located in the lung capillary membrane that acts on material in the blood is:

a. interferon.
b. renin
c. prostoglandins.
d. angiotensin converting enzyme.
d. angiotensin converting enzyme.
Renin is produced by the kidney.
______________ pressure keeps the air spaces in the lung open.

a. Transpulmonary
b. Intrapulmonary
c. Atmospheric
d. Intrapleural
a. Transpulmonary
Transpulmonary pressure keeps the air spaces in the lung open.
Which of the following conditions would NOT cause atelectasis?

a. A chest wound that perforates the pleura and allows air into the pleural cavity
b. Plugging of the bronchioli
c. Smoking
d. Pneumonia
c. Smoking
Smoking, by itself, would not cause atelectasis
Airway resistance is insignificant in relationship to gas flow because:

a. the airways branch more as they get smaller, resulting in a huge total cross-sectional area.
b. the blood flow is very high in comparison to the viscosity of air.
c. the airway resistance is not related to the diameter of the conducting tubes in the respiratory system.
d. the gas flow stops in the medium-sized bronchioles and diffusion takes over; therefore, airway resistance is no longer an issue.
a. the airways branch more as they get smaller, resulting in a huge total cross-sectional area.
Gas flow in the respiratory system in inversely proportional to the diameter of the conducting ducts.
The transpulmonary pressure is the difference between the ____________ and the __________ pressure.

a. intrapulmonary; intrapleural
b. intrapleural; alveolar
c. atmospheric; intrapulmonary
d. atmospheric; intrapleural
a. intrapulmonary; intrapleural
The transpulmonary pressure is the difference between the intrapulmonary and the intrapleural pressure.
Which of the following conditions would NOT decrease the total respiratory compliance?

a. Calcification of the coastal cartilages
b. Paralysis of the intercostal muscles
c. Increase in lung compliance
d. Thorax deformities
c. Increase in lung compliance
Calcification of the coastal cartilages would hinder thoracic expansion and lead to a decrease in the total respiratory compliance.
Which of the following non-respiratory movements would ventilate all of the alveoli?

a. Yawning
b. Hiccups
c. Sneezing
d. Crying
a. Yawning
Sneezing pushes air out of the alveoli.
All of the following would be caused by breathing excessively high concentrations of oxygen for a long period of time, except:

a. increased mental function.
b. production of huge amounts of free radicals.
c. coma.
d. oxygen toxicity.
a. increased mental function.
Breathing excessively high concentrations of oxygen for a long period of time could lead to a coma.
Which of the following non-respiratory movements is caused by irritation of the diaphragm?

a. Coughing
b. Crying
c. Hiccups
d. Laughing
c. Hiccups
Hiccups are non-respiratory movements that are caused by irritation of the diaphragm.
The dorsal respiratory group:

a. extends from the brain stem.
b. is located dorsally at the root of cranial nerve IX.
c. ends at the pons-medullary junction.
d. is a rhythm generating center.
b. is located dorsally at the root of cranial nerve IX.
This is a characteristic of the ventral respiratory group.
The pontine respiratory group is responsible for all of the following functions, except:

a. smoothing out the transition from inspiration to expiration.
b. stimulating the contraction of the diaphragm.
c. causing apneustic breathing if it is damaged.
d. regulating and modifying the activity of the medullary neurons.
b. stimulating the contraction of the diaphragm.
This is a function of the pontine respiratory group.
Which of the following would not be found in a "blue bloater"?

a. Pulmonary hypertension
b. Cyanosis
c. Weight loss
d. Right-sided heart failure
c. Weight loss
Blue bloater can develop pulmonary hypertension.
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