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OB nursing: Antepartum and postpartum

Terms in this set (56)

Cervix
: the lower part of the uterus, opens into the vagina and allows sperm to enter the uterus and menstrual discharge to exit
Endometrium
the mucosal layer that lines the uterus
Fallopian tubes
connects ovaries to the uterus, guides ovum from ovaries to uterus, guides sperm from uterus to ovaries
Ovaries
holds and releases ovum, secrets estrogen and progesterone
Uterus
A pear-shaped muscular organ at the top of the vagina, behind bladder, and in front of rectum
Vagina
A highly distensible canal situated in front of the rectum and behind the bladder. It is a tubular, fibromuscular organ lined with mucous membranes that lies in a series of transverse folds called rugae
Ballottement
the examiner pushes against the woman's cervix during a pelvic examination and feels a rebound from the floating fetus
Braxton Hicks contractions
spontaneous, irregular, painless contractions
Chadwick's sign
bluish-purple coloration of the vaginal mucosa and cervix
Goodell's sign
softening of the cervix
Hegar's sign
softening of the lower uterine segment or isthmus
Linea nigra
the skin in the middle of the abdomen may develop a pigmented line which extends from the umbilicus to the pubic area
Physiologic anemia of pregnancy:
Physiological adaptation in pregnancy leads to physiological anemia of pregnancy. This is because the plasma volume expansion is greater than red blood cell (RBC) mass increase which causes hemodilution.
Quickening
fetal movement in the second trimester
Trimesters
pregnancy consists of 3 trimesters, 13 weeks each, physical changes accommodate the growing fetus
Fetal movement determination
usually perceived between 16-20 weeks gestation, often related to trunk and limb motion and rollovers and flips of the fetus, important for screening fetal well-being
Amniocentesis
transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid for analysis, examined for chromosomal abnormalities and several hereditary metabolic defects
State four first trimester discomforts
urinary frequency and incontinence, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, breast tenderness, constipation, nasal stuffiness, bleeding gums, epistaxis, cravings, leukorrhea
State three second-trimester discomforts
backache, leg cramps, hemorrhoids, varicosities of vulva and legs, flatulence with bloating
State two third-trimester discomforts
shortness of breath, dyspnea, heartburn, indigestion, dependent edema, Braxton hicks contractions
Ectopic pregnancy
any pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum implants outside of the uterine cavity
Gestational hypertension
hypertension without proteinuria after 20 weeks gestation resolving by 12 weeks postpartum
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD)
neoplastic disorder that originate in placenta, gestational tissue present, but pregnancy is not viable. Most common types are hydatidiform mole (partial or complete) and choriocarcinoma.
High-risk pregnancy
complicated by maternal and fetal conditions that jeopardize the health status of the mother and put the fetus at risk for uteroplacental insufficiency, hypoxia, and death
Hyperemesis gravidarum
persistent, uncontrollable nausea and vomiting that begins in the first trimester and causes dehydration, ketosis, and weight loss
Premature rupture of membranes
the rupture of the bag of waters before the onset of true labor
Adolescence pregnancies
11-19 year olds being pregnant
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)
heavy maternal drinking during pregnancy resulting in a full range of birth defects, such as structural anomalies and behavioral and neurocognitive disabilities caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol
Gestational diabetes mellitus
glucose intolerance with its onset during pregnancy or first detected in pregnancy. It is associated with either neonatal complications such as macrosomia, hypoglycemia, and birth trauma or maternal complications such as preeclampsia and cesarean birth.
Neonatal abstinence syndrome
the most common harmful effect of heroin and other narcotics on newborns is withdrawal. Symptoms may include irritability, hypertonicity, excessive and often high-pitched cry, vomiting, diarrhea, feeding disturbances, respiratory distress, disturbed sleeping, excessive sneezing and yawning, nasal stuffiness, diaphoresis, fever, poor sucking, tremors, and seizures
Puerperium
period that begins after delivery of the placenta and last about 6 weeks
Involution
: the uterus returns to its normal size through this gradual process which involves retrogressive changes that return it to its nonpregnant size and condition. Involves contraction of muscle fibers to reduce those previously stretched during pregnancy, catabolism which reduces enlarged, individual myometrial cells, and regeneration of uterine epithelium from the lower layer of decidua after the upper layers have been sloughed off and shed during lochial discharge
Lochia rubra
the first stage of vaginal discharge after birth; deep red mixture of mucus, tissue debris and blood that occurs for the first 3-4 days after birth. As uterine bleeding subsides, it becomes paler and more serous.
Lochia serosa
the second stage of vaginal discharge after birth; pinkish, brown and is expelled 3-10 days postpartum, primarily contains leukocytes, decidual tissue, red blood cells and serous fluid
Lochia alba
the final stage of vaginal discharge after birth; discharge is creamy to white or light brown and consists of leukocytes, decidual tissue, and reduced fluid content. Last from 10-14 days or 3-6 weeks
Taking-in phase
the time immediately after birth when the client needs sleep, depends on others to meet her needs, and relives the events surrounding the birth process, during the first 24-48hrs of birth
Taking-hold phase
the second phase of maternal adaptation, is characterized by dependent and independent maternal behavior, 2-3 days postpartum and last several weeks. Mom regains control over her bodily functions during this time, concerned with her health, the infant's condition and her ability to care for the infant
Primary engrossment
the father's or significant other's development bond with newborn-a time of intense absorption, preoccupation, and interest with newborn
Engorgement
the swelling of breast tissue as a result of an increase in blood and lymph supply as a precursor to lactation, usually 3-5 days postpartum, occurs from infrequent feedings or ineffective emptying of the breasts
Afterpains
part of the involution process involves painful uterine contractions, more acute in multiparous and breast-feeding women
Enface position
mother interacts with infants through eye-to-eye contact
Oxytocin
released from the posterior pituitary gland, its production is gradually increases as the fetus matures, responsible for stimulating uterus contractions and ejection of milk during breast feeding
Uterine atony
loss of tone in the uterus, lack of uterine muscle contraction that causes acute hemorrhage, most common cause of early postpartum hemorrhage, which can lead to hypovolemic shock
Lactation
secretion of milk by the breasts, brought on by progesterone, estrogen, prolactin and oxytocin
Endometritis
postpartum uterine infections involving the endometrium, decidua, and adjacent myometrium of the uterus
Mastitis
an inflammation of the breast commonly occurring the first 2 weeks postpartum, significantly painful, is a result from any event that creates milk stasis: insufficient drainage of the breast, rapid weaning, oversupply of milk, pressure on the breast from a poorly fitting bra, a blocked duct, missed feedings, and a breakdown of the nipple via fissures, cracks or blisters.
Postpartal depression
a form of clinical depression that can affect women, and less frequently men, after childbirth
Postpartal psychoses
a severe end of the continuum of postpartum emotional disorders, an emergency psychiatric condition that can result in significant increased risk of suicide and infanticide
Thrombophlebitis
a thrombus (blood clot) causes inflammation of the blood vessel lining
Postpartal hemorrhage
a potential life-threatening complication of both vaginal and cesarean births, leading cause of maternal mortality in the US
antepartum
the period of pregnancy from conception to onset of labor
trimesters
1st trimester: first 3 months
2nd trimester: 4-6 months
3rd trimester: 7-9 months
pre-embryonic stage
1-2 weeks gestation, fertilization, zygote, implantation
embryonic stage
3-8 weeks gestation, embryo secretes hCG (human Chorionic Gonadotropin), cells grow and multipy, organogenesis (differentiate into organs)
fetal stage
9-40 weeks gestation
hCG (human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
Keeps corpus leutum functioning, causes uterine lining (decidua) to grow in vascularity and thickness
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