replace with mono or polyunsaturated, consume less than 7% of total k cal, normal diet is 11%. normal food sources of this are pizza, bacon, full fat cheeses, chicken dishes, sausages, better food sources are fat free, or low fat, lean meat and fish and avoiding certain desserts. limit added sugars and add whole grains, legumes, fruits and vegetables unmodified: race, age, family, history, gender.
modifiable: obesity, physical activity, dietary intake, metabolic syndrome, tobacco, sodium, alcohol, low potassium, stress, diabetes, sleep apnea, hypercholesteroalemia macro vascular damage: to heart, brain, periphery micro vascular: damage to nerves, eyes, kidneys, stroke
macro examples: MI, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, foot ulcers due to decreased in blood flow
micro examples: eyes: retinopathy - leading cause of blindness in US, neuropathy- pain/tingling of limbs, can be damage to vagus nerve
gastroparesis _ tube feeding when severe because delayed stomach emptying. meat = high fat meat instead of lean meat
cheese = cheese slices or cream chesse in sandwhiches made with luncheon meat
half and half cream = replace milk or water with this
breads and cereal = high fat grain products like granola, pancake, waffles, french toast and biscuits
fruit= mash avocados, dried fruit to salads and baked goods
nuts =
butter or margin = melt on pasta, potatoes, rice and cooked veggies
mayonnaise and salad dressing = use on pasta, tuna and potato salads
beverages = replace water and non kcaloric beverages with sweetened drinks, fruit juices and milkshakes, drink whole milk instead of low fat or nonfat milk, add strawberry or chocolate syrup to plain milk