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Law Enforcement Chapter 2 (Legal)

Terms in this set (126)

Constitutional Law
defines the form of government we as Americans have established for ourselves; the constitution defines our representational government and its three-branch structure (executive, legislative, and judicial)
Statutory Law
written and enacted by congress, state legislatures, or local governing authorities in response to a perceived need to clarify the function of government. (includes civil, criminal, administrative, and regulatory laws)
Ordinances
statues enacted by municipal (city) or country government
Criminal Law
with in statutory law, define unacceptable behaviors and government prosecution of those who commit them.
Case Law
the body of law formed by the decisions of the court system (the judicial branch)
Civil Law
pertains to legal actions a person takes to resolve a private dispute with another person.
Constitution
protects individuals from government abuse of power and defines law enforcement's authority to act.
Bill of Rights
the first ten amendments to the constitution.
Articles of the Constitution
form the constitutions main body. Their purpose is to form a contract between the people of the U.S. and the U.S. government that spells out the responsibilities and authority of the three branches of government.
First Amendment
protects freedom of speech, press, peaceful assembly, and religion.
Second Amendment
guarantees the right to bear arms
Fourth Amendment
prohibits unreasonable search and seizure and generally requires a warrant signed by an independent magistrate (judge).
Fifth Amendment
best known for prohibiting compelled self-incrimination. It also requires grand jury indictment for capital crimes and prohibits double jeopardy and deprivation of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.
Sixth Amendment
guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial, counsel, an impartial jury, to be informed of the nature of the charges, and to confront witnesses.
Eight Amendment
prohibits excessive bails and fines and cruel and unusual punishment
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