PLPA Control Quiz

types of losses
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Terms in this set (26)
types of losses
-Direct yield reduction.
-Quality reduction: cosmetic, toxins.
-Increased costs: pesticides, breeding, certification, quarantines, etc.
-Limitation in types of crops that can be grown in a particular area.
basis of control
1. Correct diagnosis: In order to effectively control diseases, it is necessary to identify the pathogen. (PATHOGEN).

Knowledge of the biology of the host-pathogen interaction. (HOST).

3. Knowledge of environmental effects. (ENVIRONMENT).
Strategy of control
-Prevention
-Reduction of disease incidence
-Eradication
-Control of inoculum and potential vectors.
-Integration
Control Principles
-Exclusion
-Avoidance
-Eradication
-Protection
-Breeding
-Therapy
eradication
is a goal, but one usually settles for reduction in amount of initial (primary) inoculum.
quarantine
legal restrictions on the import and export of plant and pathogen materials.
seed certification
vegetatively propagated plants and seed can be certified as disease free.
site selection
choose sites in which inoculum is not present, or where conditions are not favorable for pathogen growth and/or survival
(temperature, humidity, etc).
timing
plant early, harvest early.
E.g., plant sugarbeets after the spring flight of beet leafhoppers, which are vectors of beet yellows virus.
exclusion principle
quarantine/seed certification
avoidance principle-site selection -timing -change planting site -modify environment -vectors control -hygieneeradication principle-crop rotation -biological control -rouging removal of plant debris -removal of alternate hosts -chemical or physical treatments -sanitationsanitationremoval of infected materials immediately (cuttings, sterilize soil, farm implements, etc.)protection principles-chemical -biological control -systemic treatments -cross-protectionbreeding for disease resistancedevelopment of disease resistant cultivars is the most effective type of disease control (stable resistance).therapy principle-chemical -heat -surgerybacterial control-antibiotics -nematodes -systemicsantibiotics1. penicillin 2. streptomycin 3. tetracycline 4. bactericidespenicillinInterferes w/ the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell wall and bacterial cell is lysed. Penicillin is not used to treat plant diseasesbiological control of plant pathogens1. antibiosis 2. competition 3. mycoparasitism 4.hypovirulence 5. induced resistanceeffective controlCompete for wound site , nutrients and produces antimicrobialadvantages of Mycoparasitism1. NOT dependent on external carbon source for activity or production. 2. Active agent is not subject to binding by soils. 3. Tolerance to environmental agentAssessment as the basis for selecting appropriate control measures-analyze from a population perspective -analyze from an individual plant perspectivecommon classes of pesticides-non-restricted use -restricted usesignal wordsan indication of level of toxicityfungicide types-protectant -systemic