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pelik

Terms in this set (33)

1ry hyperoxaluria
. caused by an inborn error of glyoxylate metabolism

. type 1 (alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase)
. type 2 (glyoxylate reductases)

an autosomal recessive error of transepithelial transport involving the intestine & kidneys regarding dibasic amino acids

cystine ornithine lysin arginine (COLA) amino acids

proteus mirabilis

infection calculi (struvite) Mg NH4 PO4

khelline, buscopan, papaverine

antispasmodics in renal colic

(voltaren, indocid

pain killers in renal colic

lasix6% amp or 15% mannitol

diuretics for anuria obstruction

ureteric catheterization for anuria obstruction

urinary diversion above the level of the obst is required in most cases by

nephrostomy (formal or percutaneous) for anuria obst

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

suitable fir stones smaller than 2cm in diameter that are not ass w distal obst or active infection

percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCN)

is best under fluoroscopic (xray) control & is suitable for most renal calculi (bigger stone)

extraction of the stone via an incision in the renal pelvis is the operation of choice

nephrolithotomy:

extraction of the stone via an incision in the renal parenchyma, is suitable for some calyceal stones which cannot be extracted via the pelvis

extended pyelolithotomy or pyelo-nephrolithotomy

indicated in branched (staghorn) stones.

partial nephrectomy, excision of the lower 3rd of the kidney

is indicated in case of stone in the lower calyx whose drainage is defective

should be avoided even in the mx if staghorn stones; it is only done for a functionless destryed kidney,or as a life saving measure bcause of intraoperative bleeding during renal stone surgery.

ureterolithotomy

for large stones, stones w distal stricture or after failure of endourologc manipulations.

ureteroscopic manipulations

are suitable for stones in lower 3rd ureter including :
i) extraction of small stones using special foorceps or dormia basket
ii) disintegration of larger stones by US or electrohydraulic waves or by the pneumatic lithoclast or by laser beam

impacted stones in the intramural ureter can be extracted cystoscopically after transurethral incision of the submucosal ureter (......)

ureteral meatotomy

lythotrite

litholapaxy

bladder stones
- medium sized stone (1-2cm in dia) can be crushed by lythotrite & the fragments are evacuated by ellik (bigelow's) evacuator.
- the operation is called litholapaxy.

urethral sound or by a urethroscope

urethral calculi
a) post urethral calculi are cautiously pushed back by a urethral sound or by a urethroscope to the bladder to be treated as bladder calculi

meatotomy of the ext urinary meatus

impacted stones at the fossa navicularis can be extracted by doing meatotomy of the ext urinary meatus

bulbar urethrolithotomy

bulbar urethral stones can be extracted via the perineum (bulbar urethrolithotomy)

suprapubic cystostomy

stones in the penile urethra
if the stone is impacted, suprapubic cystostomy is done to relieve the retention of urine; the stone will be disimpacted within a few days

penile urethrolithotomy

should never be done; it will often be complicated by a urethral fistula &/or stricture

tamm-horsfall proteins (1000ng/ml)

block bacterial binding to urothelial receptors

pyhtotherapy (pumpkin seed oil)

non invasive tx for BPH

allpha blocker to tx BPH

finastride, dutasteride

5-alpha reductase inhibitors to tx BPH

less invasive methods for tx of BPH

- laser
- hyperthermia
- incisions
- ballon dilatation

(leupron, zoladex;gazorlein))

LHRH agonist to dec the androgen production in cathestration tx for prostate cancer

bicultamide, flutamide)

androgen blockers for tx of prostate cancer

short arm of chromosome 3 (3p)

amilial & sporadic forms of RCC are ass w structural alterations of the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p)

non metastatic hepatic dysfunction in renal tumour (paraneoplastic S)

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