pelik

Terms in this set (33)

1ry hyperoxaluria
. caused by an inborn error of glyoxylate metabolism
. type 1 (alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase)
. type 2 (glyoxylate reductases)
an autosomal recessive error of transepithelial transport involving the intestine & kidneys regarding dibasic amino acids
cystine ornithine lysin arginine (COLA) amino acids
proteus mirabilis
infection calculi (struvite) Mg NH4 PO4
khelline, buscopan, papaverine
antispasmodics in renal colic
(voltaren, indocid
pain killers in renal colic
lasix6% amp or 15% mannitol
diuretics for anuria obstruction
(JJ stent)
ureteric catheterization for anuria obstruction
urinary diversion above the level of the obst is required in most cases by
nephrostomy (formal or percutaneous) for anuria obst
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
suitable fir stones smaller than 2cm in diameter that are not ass w distal obst or active infection
percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCN)
is best under fluoroscopic (xray) control & is suitable for most renal calculi (bigger stone)
pyelolithotomy
extraction of the stone via an incision in the renal pelvis is the operation of choice
nephrolithotomy:
extraction of the stone via an incision in the renal parenchyma, is suitable for some calyceal stones which cannot be extracted via the pelvis
extended pyelolithotomy or pyelo-nephrolithotomy
indicated in branched (staghorn) stones.
partial nephrectomy, excision of the lower 3rd of the kidney
is indicated in case of stone in the lower calyx whose drainage is defective
nephrectomy
should be avoided even in the mx if staghorn stones; it is only done for a functionless destryed kidney,or as a life saving measure bcause of intraoperative bleeding during renal stone surgery.
ureterolithotomy
for large stones, stones w distal stricture or after failure of endourologc manipulations.
ureteroscopic manipulations
are suitable for stones in lower 3rd ureter including :
i) extraction of small stones using special foorceps or dormia basket
ii) disintegration of larger stones by US or electrohydraulic waves or by the pneumatic lithoclast or by laser beam
impacted stones in the intramural ureter can be extracted cystoscopically after transurethral incision of the submucosal ureter (......)
ureteral meatotomy
lythotrite

litholapaxy
bladder stones
- medium sized stone (1-2cm in dia) can be crushed by lythotrite & the fragments are evacuated by ellik (bigelow's) evacuator.
- the operation is called litholapaxy.
urethral sound or by a urethroscope
urethral calculi
a) post urethral calculi are cautiously pushed back by a urethral sound or by a urethroscope to the bladder to be treated as bladder calculi
meatotomy of the ext urinary meatus
impacted stones at the fossa navicularis can be extracted by doing meatotomy of the ext urinary meatus
bulbar urethrolithotomy
bulbar urethral stones can be extracted via the perineum (bulbar urethrolithotomy)
suprapubic cystostomy
stones in the penile urethra
if the stone is impacted, suprapubic cystostomy is done to relieve the retention of urine; the stone will be disimpacted within a few days
penile urethrolithotomy
should never be done; it will often be complicated by a urethral fistula &/or stricture
tamm-horsfall proteins (1000ng/ml)
block bacterial binding to urothelial receptors
pyhtotherapy (pumpkin seed oil)
non invasive tx for BPH
tamsolucin
allpha blocker to tx BPH
finastride, dutasteride
5-alpha reductase inhibitors to tx BPH
less invasive methods for tx of BPH
- laser
- hyperthermia
- incisions
- ballon dilatation
(leupron, zoladex;gazorlein))
LHRH agonist to dec the androgen production in cathestration tx for prostate cancer
bicultamide, flutamide)
androgen blockers for tx of prostate cancer
short arm of chromosome 3 (3p)
amilial & sporadic forms of RCC are ass w structural alterations of the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p)
(stauffer S)
non metastatic hepatic dysfunction in renal tumour (paraneoplastic S)
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