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Internship

Terms in this set (85)

the outer layer of heart tissue; is smooth
epicardium
a condition in which fatty material collects, thickens, and hardens to form calcium deposits, and may eventually block the arteries
atherosclerosis
increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells
hypertrophy
cord-like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart
chordae tendineae
occurs when a clot migrates from one part of the body through circulation and causes a blockage (occlusion) of a blood vessel in another part of the body.
embolism
Sectioning the left lung reveals uniformly soft spongy dry...
crepitant pink-grey parenchyma.
-a passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs.
-No gas exchange takes place in this part of the lungs.
-visceral pleural surfaces are smooth.
bronchi
combination of thrombosis (the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) inside a blood vessel thus blocking it and its main complication, embolism (the clot travels)
Thromboembolism
firm brown parenchyma with a lobular architecture.
liver
widely patent and portal vein is normal
hepatic artery
-is normal in size and thickness with liquid green bile
-no stones.
-Mucosa is green and velvety.
gallbladder
-patent
-not dilated
-no gallstones
biliary tree
-around 1 cm in circumference
-lined by green and velvety mucosa.
common bile duct
-contains liquid brown material
-gastric mucosa is smooth and tan with normal rugal fold
stomach
-contains liquid green material.
-> mucosa is smooth and tan
-first and widest segment of the small intestine that extends from the pylorus to the jejunum
duodenum
contains semi-formed green stool. The mucosa is smooth and tan
ileum
section of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; contains a moderate amount of formed brown stool. > mucosa is smooth and tan
colon
normal size. > capsule is smooth and purple with no focal lesions. The > parenchyma is dark red and firm with indistinct architectural features.
spleen
are up to 1 cm in length and uniformly anthracotic
thoracic lymph nodes
are up to 1 cm in length and uniformly pink.
abdominal lymph nodes
surfaces are pale red and smooth. on sectioning, > thickness is up to 1 cm on the left and the same on the right.
renal cortical
is normal in size with a thin wall and smooth pink mucosa.
bladder (urinary system)
uterus X cm by Y cm by Z cm, the endometrium is thin and tan. The myometrium is firm and brown with no focal lesions. The cervix is normal. The fallopian tubes are normal. The ovaries are X cm in length on the left and Y cm on the right. Sectioning reveals multiple corpora albicantia.
female genital system
the prostrate is normal in size and composed of firm tan tissue with no nodularity. The testes are soft, pale brown and composed of tubules that string with ease.
male genital system
the membranous lining enclosing potential space of the left and right >al ("chest cavities") cavities; has negative pressure and will lead to a collapsed lung if it contains a hole
Pleura
a) the membranous lining of the serosal cavity around the heart, b) the space enclosed by the lining on the inside of the serosal cavity c) the anatomic location that contains the heart and major vessels (technically outside the >ial space); no negative pressure - not problem if opened
Pericardium
smooth membrane that lines the abdominal cavity/space and covers most of the abdominal organs; no negative pressure - not problem if opened
Peritoneum
space behind the abdominal cavity and in front of the back that holds the kidneys, adrenals, pancreas and a portion of the duodenum
Retro peritoneum
the anatomical location, in the middle part of the chest, between lungs that holds the heart, vena cava, lymph nodes, thymus, carina, esophagus, bottom half of the trachea, top half of both bronchi, and the thoracic part of the aorta
Mediastinum
"fork" in the trachea where the two bronchi branch off
Carina
largest vein that returns blood from all of the tissues of the body to the right atrium of the heart superior = returns blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium and inferior - returns blood form the lower part of the body to the right atrium
Vena cava
the largest artery originating from the left ventricle that carries blood from the heart to all other smaller arteries except the pulmonary arteries
Aorta
two major arteries a) common carotid artery runs up the side of the neck and divides into the internal (gives blood to part o the brain) and external (outside of the head) carotid arteries. B) Brachiocephalic or "innominate" artery located in the chest supplies bloody to the arm (via the subclavian artery) and head (via the right common carotid artery), no brachiocephalic artery on the left side.
Carotid artery
other artery that supplies blood to the brain
Basilar artery
structure that connects all of the major arteries of the brain
Circle of Willis
the part of the main vein of the arm that extends from near the first rib to the end of the clavicle bone near the sternum where it connects to veins running down the neck to form the brachiocephalic vein
Subclavian vein
veins that run down the arterial region of the neck and collect blood from the interior and exterior parts of the head to bring to the heart
Jugular vein
the escape of liquid of the blood from blood vessels that is high in protein content (commonly has white blood cells) and is part of an inflammatory reaction.
Exudate
low protein content fluid coming out of the blood when blood pressure is too high-not an inflammatory reaction
Transudate
the escape of fluid from vessels into the four body cavities (two chest, abdomen, and pericardium) due to rupture or inflammation
Effusion
describes something related to or resembling serum of the blood (serum in the watery portion of the blood that remains after blood cells are removed through clotting)
Serous
peritoneal effusion; an accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Ascites
abnormal connection between two things
Adhesion
containing or consisting of fibers, which are thread-like structures
Fibrous
substance containing fibrin- a white insoluble fibrous protein
Fibrinous
epithelial (inside) lining of the GI, respiratory, and genital-urinary tracts in the body
Mucosa
a serous membrane that consists of a single layer of thin ells that secrete a serous fluid and line bodily cavities or cover the organs (ex: peritoneum or pericardium)
Serosa
an apron of fibroadipose tissue that hangs off the bottom side (greater curvature) of the stomach and moves to seal off diseases in the abdomen
Omentum
a tube-like structure that has three opening and is part of both the digestive and respiratory tracts; the top opening at the mouth and two bottom openings-one at the esophagus and one at the larynx
Pharynx
a tube of fibro muscular tissue supported by C-shaped rings of cartilage that runs down the front of the neck from the larynx and divides into two bronchi
Trachea
voice box, top part of the lower respiratory tract located between the pharynx and trachea that has two sets of elastic vocal cords (false and true).
Larynx
flap that covers the larynx to prevent food from getting in.
Epiglottis
nose and sinuses make up the ...
the upper respiratory tract
muscular tube that passes from the pharynx down the neck in the posterior to the diaphragm where it connects to the stomach; clear
Esophagus
relating to the stomach
Gastric
the band of muscle around the opening between the stomach and the small intestine (important that this sphincter is tight to keep digested food from moving backwards)
Pylorus
the opening at which the pancreatic and common bile ducts connect to the duodenum
Ampulla of vater
second segment of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum
jejunum
last segment of the small intestine between the jejunum and large intestine (smaller, thinner-walled and has fewer circular folds than jejunum)
ileum
beginning of the large intestine where the ileum opens from one side to connect to the colon (lower half of the right side of the colon)
cecum
an endocrine/exocrine gland behind the stomach that secretes digestive enzymes (into the small intestine) and hormones (into the bloodstream); composed of firm tan lobulated parenchyma
pancreas
relating to bile ducts
biliary
relating to the liver
hepatic
= folded membranes of the peritoneum that connect the intestines to the abdominal cavity
mesentery
large vein that delivers nutrients and blood from the intestines and spleen to the liver tow here it gets metabolized
portal vein
Two large arteries that branch from the aorta and supply blood to the legs and lower body
iliac arteries
Relating to the kidneys
renal
A funnel lined by a membrane that carries urine created by the kidney to the ureter
renal pelvis
Relating to the adrenal glands
adrenal
The inner part of an organ
medulla
The outer or superficial part of an organ
cortex
Ducts that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder
ureter
Center of an organ (lung, liver, kidney) where tubular connections (blood vessels, nerves, etc.) between that organ and the outside world are made
hilum
relating to fat
adipose
death of a portion of tissue
necrosis
an area of necrosis in tissue due to a thrombus (blood clot) or embolus (abnormal particle in the blood stream)
infarct
Inadequacy of blood to a body part due to obstruction in a blood vessel (usually an artery) that is reversible (tissue is not dead yet)
ischemia
irregularly colored with at least two different colors
mottled
superficial sloughing of a surface of the mucosa only
erosion
an excavation or defect in the skin or mucous membrane with necrosis and loss of surface tissue
ulcer
A bump in the mucosa
polyp
An abnormal out-pouching of a hollow organ
diverticulum
the inner membrane of the mammalian uterus.
endometrium
the middle layer of the uterine wall consisting of smooth muscle cells and supporting stromal and vascular tissue.
myometrium
The left and right BLANK in the upper chest are formed by the union of each corresponding internal jugular vein and subclavian vein. These great vessels merge to form the superior vena cava.
brachiocephalic veins or innominate veins
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