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The peritoneal cavity and abwall

Terms in this set (99)

The ______ consists of multiple peritoneal ligament & folds that connect the visceral to each other & to the abdominopelvic walls.
Peritoneal cavity
Within the peritoneal cavity are the ________________, the mesenteries, ligaments, and multiple fluid spaces
lesser and greater omentum
The ________ is a smooth membrane that lines the entire abdominal cavity and is reflected over the contained organs.
Peritoneum
The part that lines the walls of the cavity is the _______.
Parietal peritoneum
The part covering the abdominal organs to a greater or lesser extent is the ________.
Visceral peritoneum
In men, the peritoneum forms a ________.
Closed cavity
In ______, there is a "communication" outside the peritoneum through the uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina is said exist.
Female
Small intestine suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by _________.
Mesentery
Transverse colon suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by the _________.
Transverse mesocolon
Sigmoid colon suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by the ________.
Sigmoid mesocolon
General peritoneal cavity is known as the _________.
Greater sac of the peritoneum
With the development of the stomach and spleen, a smaller sac called the ________________________________, is the peritoneal recess posterior to the stomach.
Lesser sac (comental bursa)
The lesser sac communicates with the greater sac through a small vertical opening known as the ___________.
Epiploic foramen
When the patient lying supine, the lowest part of the body is the _________.
Pelvis
On a transverse view, the flanks are lower than the ________.
Midabdomen
Fluid will accumulate in the _______.
Lowest parts of the body.
_____________ should be examined for pathological collections of fluid.
The pelvis and lateral flanks (gutter)
The _______ is a double layer of peritoneum extending from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach.
Lesser omentum
What acts as a sling for the stomach, suspending it from the liver?
Lesser omentum
What is an apron like fold of peritoneum that hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach?
Greater omentum
The greater omentum lies freely over the intestine except for the upper part, which is fused with the _________.
Transverse colon and mesocolon
Which omentum helps prevent further spread of infected fluid by essentially "walling it off" from the rest of the body?
Greater omentum
The greater omentum is supplied with blood vessels by the ______.
Epiploic branches of the gastroepiploic vessels
Because of the coronary ligament attachments, collections in the right posterior subphrenic space cannot extend between the ________.
Bare area of the liver and the diaphragm.
Because the right pleural space extends medially to the attachment of the ___________, pleural collections may appear apposition to the bare area of the liver.
Right superior coronary ligament
Unless it is loculated, the pleural fluid tends to distribute _______ in the chest
Posteromedially
Retroperitoneal lesions displace echoes _______________________.
Ventrally & cranially
______________ lesions produce inferior and posterior displacement.
Hepatic & subhepatic
Anterior displacement of the superior mesenteric vessels, splenic vein, and IVC excludes on ________.
Intraperitoneal location
________ divides the subphrenic space into right and left components.
Falciform ligament
__________ ascends from the umbilicus to the umbilicalnotch of the liver within the free margin of the falciform ligament before coursing in the liver
Ligamentum teres hepatis
The ______ is delineated by the right superior and inferior coronary ligaments.
Bare area
Lateral to the bare area and right triangular ligament; the posterior subphrenic & subhepatic spaces are ________.
Continuous
Lesser omentum and stomach divide the left subhepatic space into _______________.
Gastrohepatic recess and lesser sac
Lesser sac lies anterior to the _________ and posterior to the _________.
Pancreas; stomach
_______________ is the left lateral extension of the greater omentum
Gastrosplenic ligament
What is formed by the posterior reflection of the peritoneum of the spleen?
Splenorenal ligament
The splenorenal ligament passes inferiority to overlie the ________.
Left kidney
Splenorenal ligament separates the lesser sac from the _______.
Renosplenic recess
Lesser sac extends to the ________.
Diaphragm
Uterus divides the _________ into an anterior vesicouterine recess and a posterior rectouterine sac_(____________)_
Retrovesical space; (pouch of Douglas)
Ascites displaces the distended urinary bladder inferiority but ________.
Not posteriorly
Fluid in the extraperitoneal prevesical spaces has a "__________" configuration
Dumbbell
____________ are seen as a biconvex muscle group delineated by the linea alba and linea semilunaris
Rectus muscles
Laterally the aponeuroses of external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles unite to form a band like vertical fibrous groove called the ____________.
Linea semilunaris or spigelian fascia
________ is seen as a discrete linear echogenicity in the deepest layer of the abdominal wall.
...
________ is the accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
Ascites
Abdominal fluid collections do not persists ________ after abdomial surgery as a normal part of the healing process.
1 week
An _______ is a cavity formed by necrosis within a solid tissue or a circumscribed collection of purulent material.
Abcess
Scattered air reflectors may be the sonographers's clue in a _______.
Gas or air filled abcess collection
_________ appear as a densely echogenic mass with or without acoustic shadowing and otherwise increased through- transmission
Gas- containing abscess
The small slit like epiploic foramen usually seals off the _______ from inflammatory processes extrinsic to it.
Lesser sac
________ may make it difficult to examine the LUQ
Air interference
What fluid within the liver can mimic loculated subphrenic fluid?
Subcapsular collections
Intraabdominal fluid displaces the liver _______.
Medially
What are extrahepatic loculated collections of bile?
Bilomas
A _______ is an abcess that forms within the renal parenchyma.
Renal carbuncle
The ____________ are the most common sites for abcess formation.
Hepatic recesses, perihepatic spaces, and pelvis
Free fluid below the transverse mesocolon often flows into the _________.
Pouch of douglas
The presence of a right subhepatic abcess generally implies _______.
Previous contamination of the right subhepatic space
What is the most common abdominal pathological process that requires immediate surgery?
Acuteappendicitis
The cause of obstruction of the appendix is a _______ at its origin in the cecum.
Fecalith
A mass within the peritoneum may show an ______ pattern
Infiltrative
At least _____ of omental masses are malignant.
1/3
Cystic mass is more common than a ________.
Solid mass
Malignant solid tumors are more likely found near the ________.
Root of the mesentary
Benign solid tumors are more often found in the _______.
Periphery near the bowel
________ may have embryologic, traumatic or acquired, neoplasticism, and infective and degenerative origins.
Abdominal cysts
Patients will have a _____ or _______ of the abdomen to better define these borders.
CT or MRI
_______ into omental or mesenteric cysts may cause rapid distention and clinically mimic ascites.
Hemorrhage
Fungal infections present as _________.
Peritoneal cystic lesions.
A __________ is an incomplete regression of the unaccustomed during development. The apex of the bladder is continuous with the allantois.
Urachal cyst
The urachus persists throughout life as a ligament that runs from the apex of the bladder to the umilicus and is called the _________.
Median umbilical ligament
A _____, an encapsulated collection of urine
Urinoma
A urinoma may result from a ________.
closed renal injury or surgical intervention
A urinoma may develop spontaneously secondary to an _________.
obstructing lesion
The extraperitoneal extravasation may be ____________: the latter collections are sometimes termed uriniferous pseudocysts.
subcapsular or perirenal
The ________ may leak around the ureter, where the perinephric fascia is weakest, or into adjoining fascia planes and peritoneal cavity.
extravasation
_________ develop from cellular implantation across the peritoneal cavity.
Peritoneal metastasis
The most common primary sites of peritoneal metastasis are the ___________.
Ovaries, stomach, and colon.
The _____ form a nodular, sheet like, irregular configuration.
Metastases
In metastasis there are ________ seen along the peritoneal line.
Multiple small nodules
______ presents as a uniformly thick, hypoechoic, band-shaped structure that follows the convexity of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall, creating the omental band.
Lymphoma
The "________" represents a mass infiltrating the mesenteric leaves and encasing the superior mesenteric artery.
Sandwich sign
Secondary tumors and lymphoma are neoplasms that most commonly involve the ______ and ______.
Peritoneum and mesentery.
Peritoneal and omental mesothelioma most often occur in __________ as the result of exposure to asbestos.
Middle-aged men
A __________ is a collection of fluid that occurs after surgery in the pelvis, retroperitoneum, or recess cavities.
Lymphoceles
______________ are acute or chronic collections of blood lying either within the rectus muscle or between the muscle and its sheath.
Extraperitoneal rectus sheath hematoma
When scanning a extraperitoneal hematoma during an examination you may notices _________ between the rectus sheath muscles.
Asymmetry
A _________ is a collection of blood between the bladder and lower uterine segment, resulting from a lower-uterine transverse cesarean section and bleeding from the uterine vessels.
Bladder-flap hematoma
A _________ is found in the prevesicular space and is caused by a disruption of the inferior epigastric vessels or their branches during a cesarean section.
Subfascial hematoma
______ of the abdominal wall include lipomas, Desmond tumors, or metastases.
Neoplasms
The _____is a benign fibrous neoplasm of aponeurotic structures
Desmond tumor
The Desmond tumor most commonly occurs in relation to the ___________.
Rectus abdominis and its sheath
Neoplasms of the abdominal wall tumor may present as a ______
Hypoechoic to cystic (except lipomas).
Desmond tumor presents as anechoic to hypoechoic, with ________
Smooth and sharply defined walls.
The ______ is not seen as a distinct structure during sonography unless it is thickened.
Peritoneal lining
Thickening of the peritoneal lining is usually secondary to _______ or to direct extension of the tumor from the viscera or mesentery.
metastatic implants
Primary mesothelioma occur ______.
Rarely
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