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chapter 15! psychological disorders.

Terms in this set (56)

After experiencing extremely stressful situations, people who are most susceptible to depression are those who are deficient in the neurotransmitters:
serotonin and neuropeptide Y
Which of the following best describes neuroplasticity?
The process of a change in the neurons as a result of input from the environment
Which of the following is NOT a cluster of personality disorders?
Phobic-delusional
In the context of stress and depression, research in animals show that experimental induced stress:
kills neurons in the hippocampus which can lead to symptoms of depression.
While conducting the Adverse Childhood Experiences study, Brandon reports five childhood experiences that affected him adversely. What does this imply?
He is two and a half times as likely to suffer from anxiety disorder as someone who reported no adverse childhood experiences.
Emily is a menace to all those around her. She has rapid mood swings which are punctuated by uncontrollable bouts of aggression. She has cuts on her arms and legs owing to self-inflicted injuries. This has forced her parents to limit her interaction with others. They find it hard to control her themselves. According to the "4 Ds" of determining whether something is a mental disorder, what does this reveal about Emma's behavior?
Her behavior is dysfunctional.
What did Perry find in his study of children who were removed from neglectful home environments?
The brain size of children who were removed from such environments after age five showed almost no increase.
Mike, an artist, experiences one of his hypomanic phases. Which of the following characteristics describes his state?
Being inspired to generate creative behavior
in order to receive a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder, one must have:
directly experienced a distressing event or witnessed such an event occurring to others.
Which of the following are the three major categories of the symptoms of schizophrenia?
Positive, negative, and cognitive
syndrome
related conditions
comorbidity
2 or more psych disorders at same time
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
a childhood disorder characterized by inability to focus attention more than a few minutes, to remain still & quiet, & to do careful
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
a childhood disorder characterized by severe language and social impairment along with repetitive habits & inward-focused behaviors
joint attention
ability to make eye contact w/ others, & to look in the same direct. as some1 else.
psychotic disorders
psych disorders of thoughts & perception, characterized by an inability to distinguish between real & imagined perceptions.
schizophrenia
a psychotic disorder characterized by significant disturbances in thoughts & emotions, specifically problems w/ perception, including hallucinations.
positive symptoms
perceptual experiences associated w/ schizophrenia, including hallucinations, delusional thinking, and disorganized thought & speech.
hallucinations
convincing sensory experiences that occur in the absence of an external stimulus.
delusions
one of the symptoms of schizophrenia, false beliefs or exaggerations held despite evidence to the contrary, idea that one is famous.
negative symptoms
symptoms that include nonresposiveness, immobility, emotional flatness, problems w/speech, and inability to complete tasks.
cognitive symptoms (of schizophrenia)
problems with working memory, attention, verbal and visual learning and memory, reasoning and problem solving, processing, and speech.
word salad
speech of ppl w/ schiz. which may follow grammatical rules but be nonsensical in terms of content.
diathesis-stress model
expl. for the origin of psych disorders as a combin. of biological predispositions (diathesis) plus stress or an abusive environment
depressive disorder
highest order of depres. disorders (major depress. disorder & persistent depressive disorder)
major depressive disorder
a mood disorder characterized by low mood, lack of motivation, low energy, and feelings of worthlessness, and guilt that lasts for atleast two consecutive weeks.
persistant depressive disorder
form of depression that is milder in intensity but longer in duration than major depressive disorder.
bipolar disorder
mood disorder: mood fluctuations, low-depressive, & high (manic) moods.
manic episodes
one mood cycle in bd includes increased energy, sleeplessness, euphoria, irritability, increased sex drive, and "racing" thoughts that last at least 1 week
hypomanic disorder
same symptoms as manic episodes, just shorter in duration.
cyclothymia
relatively mild but longer-lasting form of bipolar disorder.
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
state of pervasive and excessive anxiety lasting at least 6 months.
panic attacks
brief episodes of anxiety associated with a perception of threat and occurring bc. of fear of danger, an inability to escape, embarrassment, or specific objects.
panic disorder
anxiety disorder characterized by panic attacks and persistent anxiety about having more attacks.
phobia
anxiety disorder; an ongoing irrational fear of a particular object, situation, or activity.
social phobia (social anxiety disorder)
anxiety disorder; fear of humiliation in the presence of others, characterized by intense self-consciousness about one's app. behavior or both.
agoraphobia
anxiety disorder fear of being in places from which escape might be difficult or in which help might not be available, if a panic attack were to occur.
obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd)
anxiety disorder in which obsessive thoughts lead to compulsive behaviors.
obsession
unwanted thoughts that come to mind & cause distress.
compulsion
repetitive behavior or uncontrollable urges according to a ritualistic set of rules.
POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD)
psych. symptoms triggered by catastrophic or horrifying events.
dissociative disorders
psych disorders characterized by extreme splits or gaps in memory, or identity.
dissociative identity disorders
person develops two distinct personalities, each w/ its own emotions, thoughts, and behaviors.
somatic symptom disorder
psych disorder in which a person complains of multiple physical disorders that cause disruption, until 6 months.
illness anxiety disorder
fear of somatic symptoms but w/o any somatic symptoms.
personality dirsorders
patterns of cognition, emotion, and behavior.
schizoid personality disorder
odd-eccentric personality disorder caused by desire to avoid close relationships.
schizotypal personality disorder
wanting to live in isolated area and asocial life but also asocial life.
paranoid personality disorder
extreme suspensions and mistrust of others.
histrionic personality disorder
desire to be center of attention.
borderline personality disorder
dramatic-emotional personality disorder characterized by out-of-control emotions, fear of being abandoned by others, and vacillation between idealizing and despising ppl who are close to the person w/ the disorder.
narcissistic personality disorder
positive and arrogant self image, self-centered.
antisocial personality disorder
impulsive, ruthless, and callous behaviors; a serious & potentially dangerous disorder.
avoidant personality disorder
anxious-fearful personality disorder characterized by extreme fear of being criticized, low self-esteem, and avoidance of social interaction.
dependent personality disorder
fear of being rejected and a strong need to be cared for.
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)
PERFECTIONALISM
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