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ARTS Test 4

Terms in this set (64)

Due to which political event, in 1945, many European artists fled Europe and came to the U.S. (mostly in NY)?
World War II
In which city did Abstract Expressionism movement take place?
New York
Name two important artists of the Abstract Expressionism movement.
Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko

Also Willem de Kooning
Whose painting was called action painting and why?
Jackson Pollock

you feel the action of the artist on the canvas
Can Mark Rothko's work be called action painting? Why or why not? What are the large color field areas in his work compared to?
No because there is an absence of gesture or activity the work is compared to quiet and contemplation

immersion to color
What is the general scale of most abstract expressionist artists' works?
Large scale canvas/paintings
Did abstract expressionist artists' have specific subjects or focal points or "all over composition"?
All over composition - no focal points, gestural marks
Who is the hero of pop art in America?
Andy Warhol
What was Warhol's preferred medium for mass production
Silk screen printing (silkscreen technique)
What did Warhol call his studio? Why?
The Factory

called his works products

he wants the same results over and over again
Why did Warhol create the "Coca-Cola" and "Campbell Soup Cans"?
represent the mass consumer society that the world was becoming
What could be Warhol's influential factors?
magazines, religion, art that reflected commercialism, consumer society, capitalism, things available to everybody
What does Warhol represent through the "Marilyn Monroe (Celebrity)" series?
Made Marilyn Monroe into a piece of worship.
What can the media do to a person or a celebrity? Do the media always show the real person or "made-up false faces" like Warhol's Marilyn's?
We worship celebrities just like saints and when we hear something we don't like, we throw them off of the pedestal, The media does not always show the real person. They often distort the original person they are covering.
Was there any background influence for Warhol to use gold leaf in these prints?
Use of gold leave on her face- can relate this to his childhood and icons in catholic churches
What does the repetition of images imply in Warhol's "Death and Celebrity" series? Which particular political event got repeated on TV that mesmerized Warhol?
the repetition of the gruesome pictures are the key to the message

JFK assassination
Maybe Marilyn Monroe drug overdoes
What do the dots in Roy Lichtenstein's paintings called?
Ben-Day dots
Was Roy Lichtenstein bringing low art into the high art arena by painting large scale cartoons on canvas?
yes; he called his work "used canvas"
Name one minimalist artist (sculptor)?
Donald Judd
Does Donald Judd care about skills in painting or leaned towards factory-made objects? Why?
factory made objects made from synthetic materials

he preferred sculpture because it exsisted in "actual space"
Does Altfest focus on male or female nude figures? Why?
male nude figures

she is trying to break the stereotypical "norm" ---> Reverse Model Representation
What does Ellen Altfest's work look like - representational with extreme detail or abstract?
representational with extreme detail.
Which German artist's work did Ellen Altfest look at for her still-life paintings?
Albrecht Durer.
What is trompe l'oeil? How does it relate to Altfest's body of work?
Trompe l'oeil is the technique she used involving the precision of details to "deceive the eyes" of the viewers into thinking the image is 3D.

extremely realistic quality
What is Janet Echelman's work usually referred to as? Do these "living and breathing sculpture" look light or heavy?
fish net sculptures look like they are living and breathing environmental sculptures

light and airy.
What kind of material did Echelman use when she first made sculptures of this kind?
Fishnet
At first, who did Echelman learn her craft from and where? How did she transform "low art" into high?
She learned from fishermen in India

Transformed "low art" into high art by changing her work from something you look at to something you could get lost in
In order to make her work durable, people from which discipline did Echleman collaborate with?
Aeronautical engineer named Peter Hepp

Developed relationship with fishnet factory and developed a way to make lace with the machine operating
Is Echleman's work more poetic or more thought provoking with social, political issues?
Poetic, describes sculptures as the fabric of the city, they are free flowing and forever changing according to the winds choreography
What kind of artists were JR and Jose Parla before making fine arts work? What kind of images did they enlarge to put on the walls of Havana?
Graffiti artists

enlarged images of common citizens of Cuba
Do JR and Jose Parla represent celebrities, politicians or common people?
Common people
What does Jose Parla say about the writings on top of the portraits? Are they political messages? Are they any real language?
an abstract writing in their native language (spanish) that is supposed to represent the person's thoughts and tell the person's stories

they aren't political messages

no
What is the title "Wrinkles of the City" refer to?
It refers to the history, stories, and experiences of citizens of Cuba that symbolized/was reflected in the architecture of the city.

Wrinkles are associated with stories and experiences
What are the two main African fabrics that are influential in El Anatsui's work?
Kente cloth and Adinkra cloth.
What is the main material for El Anatsui's installations?
bottle caps mostly from alcoholic beverages.
What is the significance of the particular material used in El Anatsui's work(in reference to history)?
related to slave trade.

slaves were traded for alcohol
Where is El Anatsui from?
Ghana
What does Kehinde Wiley paint? How does it relate to historical paintings?
current day African American celebrities

places them in paintings inspired by classical artworks
Does Kehinde Wiley only paint celebrities or common people as well? How are all of his models dressed?
He paints both common people & celebrities.

They are dressed in very casual 'street wear'
What in Kehinde Wiley's paintings is very contrasting to the powerful black male and female models that can point to feminine sensibilities?
floral backgrounds
What media does William Kentridge use for his drawings? What kind of art does he create with his drawings?
Charcoal.

Animations.
What is the most important issue William Kentridge deals with in his body of work? How did his parents influence him?
tragic events and homicidal images

father was involved in the investigation of a massacre
Where is William Kentridge from?
South Africa.
Superflat, anime and manga --- how do they relate to Murakami's work? How are they different from his educational background?
Superflat- made paintings that were superflat but had a lot of depth to them, Japanese technique

Anime and manga- popular culture japanese images he used in his art

once he graduated from college he abandoned the traditional art form and started producing more contemporary art.
Murakami is compared to which American pop artist?
Andy Warhol
Where is Murakami from?
Tokyo, Japan
What does Do-Ho Suh deal with in his work? Why does he use the symbol "house" in his work?
He deals with the idea of displacement and transition.

He wants to carry his "house" with him everywhere that he goes. The iconic "tilted house" represent how he and many like him displaced involuntarily or migrated voluntarily
What does stairs, doors or gates represent in Do Ho Suh's work?
Representative of transitional space
Can it be said safely that Do Ho Suh's work is very poetic and philosophical?
yes
Where is Do-Ho Suh from?
South Korea
Which political event in China (between 1966-76) may have influenced Cai Guo- Qiang to use gunpowder as one of his art making materials?
Cultural revolution

hearing the gunfire everyday as a child between Taiwan and the Communist Party
Can gunpowder remind one both of destruction and creation (think about Cai Guo- Qiang drawing process)? Which flower is represented in Cai Guo- Qiang body of work that may remind one of the same and why?
it can be used to destroy but it is used to create artwork

He uses Poppy flower as a symbol in his work. Poppy is a beautiful flower to look at, but it can also remind one of drug (heroin) trade that is destructive for mankind. Here, the appearance of the flower is nice, but something sinister is at the background.
What is the main idea behind Cai Guo- Qiang installation "Head On" (with animals running towards a glass wall) exhibited in Berlin?
The main idea is that it reflects the Destiny of Mankind when they make mistakes repeatedly. Basically, if you keep making mistakes, nothing will change or get achieved. He's hoping to convey something abstract and spiritual. It was made for the Deutsche Guggenheim in Berlin and it was inspired by the history of the city.

Glass walls are not structural and invisible walls are the hardest to destroy. 99 wolves running toward wall, when they fall they get back up again.
Where is Cai Guo- Qiang from?
China
Sikander uses elements from which particular religions of the Indian Subcontinent?
Islam & Hindu
Which Islamic art and Hindu art elements are influential in Sikander's work?
Illuminated Quran (muslim text)
Persian and mughal miniature paintings (muslim art)
Rajput culture (Hindu art)
Durga (Hindu goddess)
What particular elements does Sikander use from the illuminated hand-written Qur'ans?
The written words that transformed into movement around the edges of her work → expresses her experience reading the Quran as a kid and not understanding it but appreciating the beauty of it
What does Sikander's veiled iconic figure with multiple arms refer to?
Refers to her experience in muslim and hindu culture (muslim growing up in pakistan)
Which Hindu Goddess in Sikander's veiled iconic figure with multiple arms can it remind one of?
Durga
Where is Sikander from
Pakistan
Which visual issues does Kapoor address in his work?
Perceptual issues, issues with space
What can be said about the surface of Kapoor reflective and mirror sculptures? Does surface represent reality?
Surface appears unreal, creates an optical illusion, skin of an object is an illusion, you can see yourself in these sculptures and look within yourself
Ex: Cloud Gate- captures the essence of the past, present and course of future of chicago, the outside is smooth and perfectly rounded but inside is very complex
What does Kapoor say about color?
Using pigment the material and color are one thing, pure color was the best, and that the color red makes a kind of black that blue doesn't a black you know intimately
Which festival and element from Kapoor's Indian background can be very influential in his early sculptures with colorful powers?
Holi
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