Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

NURTITION 650 FINAL

Terms in this set (94)

During pregnancy HIV and Aids pass easily across the placenta from mother to fetus
A. True
B. False
A. True
Which is at the bottom of the Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Pyramid?
A. Self-Actualization
B. Water, Shelter, Food, Air
C. Love and Belongingness
D. Safety and Security
B. Water, Shelter, Food, and Air
Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle is located in the:
A. Ovaries
B. Uterus
C. Brain
D. endometrium
C. Brain
The hormone used to determine ovulation in "over the counter" kits is:
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
D. LH (luteinizing hormone)
D. LH (luteinizing hormone)
Marissa is suffering form colitis and her hemoglobin levels are very low. Marissa is suffering from what type of malnutrition?
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Overt malnutrition
D. Non-diet induced malnutrition
B. Secondary
During the first 20 weeks of pregnancy which of the following metabolic changes occurs in a pregnant woman?
A. Mobilization of fat and nutrient stores
B. increased blood levels of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides
C. Blood volume expansion and increased cardiac output
D. increase in catabolic Hormones.
C. Blood volume expansion and increased cardiac output
Which of the following would be the best source of DHA ( docosahexaeonic acid)
A. 1 cup of broccoli
B. 8 oz. of orange juice
C. 1/2 cup of granola cereal
D. 3oz. Salmon
D. 3oz. Salmon
Newborn infants born to mothers with uncontrollable gestational diabetes sometimes suffer from hypoglycemia right after birth because:

A. The infant has become accustomed to the high levels of glucose while in the uterus and cannot adjust to lower glucose levels in breastmilk or formula.

B. The trauma of birth causes the infant to experience stress which causes insulin levels to decrease.

C. the infant now suffers diabetes also.

D. The infant has now become insulin resistant which is perfectly normal the first 24 hours after birth.
A. The infant has become accustomed to the high levels of glucose while in the uterus and cannot adjust to lower glucose levels in breastmilk or formula.
Baby Jason was 9 pounds at birth, assuming his mother had a healthy pregnancy, on average what would the placenta weigh at birth?
A. 1 pound
B. 1.25 pounds
C. 1.5 pounds
D. 1.75 pounds
C. 1.5 pounds (1/6th of baby's weight)
At the end of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle_____________ causes the uterus to contract and release blood and nutrients from the uterine wall.
A. Prostaglandins
B. Progesterone
C. Estrogen
D. LH
A. Prostaglandins
Pregnant women should never eat fish during pregnancy because it might contain mercury.

A. True
B. False
B. False
During pregnancy, nutrients are prioritized (needs that are met first, second, last)?
Mother, Placenta, Fetus
It is recommended that pregnant women consume a minimum of 175 grams of CHO a day. Which of the following statements is NOT a reason the this recommendation?

A. CHO is needed to proved glucose for the developing fetus.

B. CHO is needed for the normal development of the fetal nervous system.

C. CHO is needed to spare protein for the fetal tissue growth.

D. CHO is needed to prevent ketosis.
B. CHO is needed for the normal development of the fetal nervous system.
When a woman is suffering from pre-eclampsia her serum albumin levels decrease because:
A. she is malnourished.
B. Her clotting factors are disturbed.
C. Her blood pressure is too high
D. She is losing protein in her urine.
D. she is losing protein in her urine.
If taken in excess during pregnancy, which fat-soluble vitamin can lead to birth defects in the developing fetus?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin E
C. Vitamin K
D. Folic acid
A. Vitamin A
The only cure for pre-eclampsia is:
Delivery of the infant
Hemodilution of some blood values occurs during pregnancy because:
A. Women do not absorb as many nutrients as they did before becoming pregnant
B. blood volume increases
C. amniotic fluid replaces fluid in the blood vessels.
D. the kidneys are not filtering as efficiently so blood vessels decrease in the blood.
B. Blood volume increases
The hormone responsible for the relaxation of smooth muscles during pregnancy is:
A. Progesterone
B. Estrogen
C. FSH
D. LH
A. Progesterone
The main source of progesterone during the menstrual cycle is/are:
A. endometrium
B. Gonatotropins
C. follicles
D. Corpus Luteum
D. Corpus Luteum
The major fuel source for the developing fetus is___________ and the major maternal fuel source is_____________
Glucose, Fat
fertilization of the ovum occurs in the:
Fallopian tube
At what time during her lifetime does a woman have the most eggs?
When she was a fetus
Pregnant women should avoid whirlpools and saunas because their use:
A. can lead to hyperemesis gravidarum
B. Can raise the internal body temperature and could harm the fetus.
C. can increase the risk of placenta abruption
D. Can lead to the development of preeclampsia.
b. Can raise the internal body temperature an could harm the fetus
Villous Chorion
Fetal side of the placenta
Hypervolemia
High blood volume
Zygote
Fertilized ovum
Macrosomic
Birth weight of greater than 10 pounds
Decidua basalis
Maternal side of the placenta
Philtrum
The vertical groove above the upper lip: below the nose
Gonadotropins
FSH and LH
Histotrophe
Endometrial secretions that nourish the fetus until implantation
Nulliparous
A women who has never delivered a child
Anencephaly
Partial or total absence of brain and/or spinal column
Paresthesia
Sensation of pins and needles or tingling in arms and legs
Placenta Previa
Placenta develops low in uterus near cervix.
the screening blood test that is performed at 16-18 weeks of pregnancy to detect the possibility of a neural tube defects in the fetus:
alpha-feto protein
Gynecological age
The number of years between the onset of first menses and the first pregnancy
The inner cell mass will develop into the ________ and the trophoblast cells into the_________
fetus, placenta
Grams of protein during pregnancy
...
Gynecological ages which pose risk:
...
Abruptio Placenta
...
Which of the following is not a policy of Baby Friendly Hospitals?
A. Skin-to-skin contact with infant shortly after birth
B. Infant is put in the same room as mother
C. Start breastfeeding within one hour of birth
D. Feeding the infant nothing but breastmilk and water.
D. Feeding the infant nothing but breastmilk and water
Highest rates of breastfeeding in the US are:
Pacific Northwest and Rocky Mountain states such as Oregon, Utah, Colorado
Calorie requirements during breastfeeding
...
Protein requirements during breastfeeding
...
Newborns receive a single dose of _________ at birth because they are born with a sterile GI tract that contains no natural flora
Vitamin K
The macronutrient that remains the most consistent in breastmilk is:
Protein
During the first year of life, breastfed infants gain less weight than bottle fed infants.
A.True
B.False
A. True
The only nutrient that is routinely supplemented in breastfed infants is:
Vitamin D
The primary component of breast milk is:
Water
LactoGenesis I
...
Lactogenesis II
...
Lactogenesis III
...
Which of the following is NOT a recommendation of sore nipples?
A. Air drying after nursing
B. Rubbing expressed milk on nipples
C. Rubbing a petroleum-based ointment on nipples will help ease the pain
D. Determining if the infant is positioned correctly on the nipple
C. Petroleum based ointment
The hormone that is responsible for uterine contractions and minimization of maternal postpartum blood loss is:
Oxytocin
In developed countries which of the following is NOT a contraindication to breastfeeding?
A. Mastitis
B. Use of radioactive isotopes
C. Use of chemotherapy drugs
D. HIV
Mastitis
The cyclic release of which two hormones governs pubertal breast development?
A. Prolactin and oxytocin
B. Prolactin and estrogen
C. Progesterone and oxytocin
D. Estrogen and progesterone
D. Estrogen and progesterone
Which is NOT directly involved in milk production?
A. Spinal column
B. Anterior pituitary gland
C. Alveoli
D. Ovary
D. Ovary
The protein found in breast milk that produces a soft curd that is easier to digest is:
Whey
On average, how many calories are there in 28 ounces of infant formula?
560
High in protein , electrolytes nutrients and antibodies and yellow in color best describes:
Colostrum
Which is NOT good advice on proper handling and storing of breast milk?
A. Label and date your milk before freezing it.
B. Do not microwave the milk as it may cause hot spots and burn the infant's mouth
C. Do not mix fresh and frozen milk together
D. Let the breast milk sit on the counter for at least 30 minutes so it will be the right temperature
D. Let the breast milk sit on the counter for at least 30 minutes so it will be the right temperature.
Which groups has the lowest ratings of breastfeeding in the US
African American
Montgomery tubercles
Raised areas around the nipple that secrete lubricant
Immunoglobin A
Major immunoglobin in breast milk
Bifidus Factor
Favors the growth of friendly bacteria in breast milk
Lactoferrin
Iron binding protein found in breast milk
PIH
the Gate keeper- controls milk production during lactation
Hyponatremia
Low sodium levels in the blood
parturition
childbirth
Casein Hydrolsate
Infant formula that contains pre-digested
(broken down) protein.
Isotonic
Same number of ions (as in breast milk and mother's plasma)
Renal solute load
Nitrogen wastes that need to be excreted by the kidney
Hypernatremia
high sodium levels in the blood
Why do infants sometimes experience GERD
Gastric emptying is delayed, The LES (cardiac sphincter) pressure is decreased, The stomach is in a more horizontal rather than in a vertical position
The newborn reflex where an infant throws his/her arms out and back in again when they hear a loud noise
Moro
True or False: an infant's primary source of calories is fat
True
After the first pregnancy , there is a 50% chance that an infant will develop hemolytic disease (Rh incompatibility) if:
Mother is Rh-, father is Rh+, and infant is Rh+
Why do infants dehydrate so quickly?
Infants have immature kidneys and have a limited ability to regulate fluid balance

Infants have small bodies so can lose a high percentage of their body water quickly

infants do not sweat as much as older children so their internal body temperature goes up rapidly
the largest portion of an infant's caloric needs are spent on:
BMR
At birth Max weighed 8.5 pounds, was 21.5 inches long, and his head circumference was 15 inches. Assuming normal growth, what would his measurements be at one year?
Weight increase by 300%--> 8.5 *3.00 = 25.5 pounds

Length increases by 50% --> 21.5 *.50 = 10.75+ 21.5 = 32.25

Head circumference increase by 30%--> 15*.30= 4.5 +15 = 19.5
sarah is 18 months old. her height falls into the 20th percentile and her weight in the 30th percentile. This means that:
Sara is growing normally, she is just a small girl
the first line of treatment for a full term infant with neonatal jaundice is
breastfeeding
Head circumference measurements are taken until
36 months of age
What is the appropriate portion of each food group to feed child:
1 tablespoon per year
the percentage of______decreases in the first year of life"
water
Baby jon was born at 29 weeks gestation and his weight, height, and head circumference all fall in the 2% percentile. Jon is:
Premature and pSGA
What nutrient is easiest for a newborn infant to digest?
Carbohydrates
Which is least likely to cause a food allergy?
applesauce
if an infant refuses a food the first time it is offered it's most likely due to:
texture
In the first 24 hours after birth, infants lose6-10% of their birth weight due to all of the following except:
digesting and absorbing nutrients for the first time
RhoGam
Immunoglobulin given to Rh- women at 28 weeks of pregnancy and 72 hours post birth
Fontanel
Gap (soft spot) in newborn's head; allows for head to grow
babinksi
...
Sets with similar terms