monarchyheaded by a king/queenoligarchysmall group in chargeconstitutional monarchylimits are placed on king/queendictatorshipone who holds unlimited powerdirect democracyeveryone votes or has a say in everythingrepresentative governmentcitizens vote in representatives to make decisionsdemocracyrule by the peopleself-governmentordinary can aspire to rule themselvesfree enterpriseallows people and businesses to make their economic choices about how to best produce, distribute, and exchange goods and services with limited interference governmentparliamentary systemexecutive and legislative branches combine to form a government systemunitary systempower is concentrated in the central governmentRousseauauthor of "The Social Contract"Hobbespeople didn't have right to break social contract with governmentLockeall are endowed to "life, liberty, and property"Montesquieuexplained and promoted the separation of powersexpressed powerspowers the Constitution lists for National government; issue money, collect taxes, pay government debts, regulate trade, declare war, maintain armyinherent powerspowers that historically have been naturally belonging to the national government; acquiring new territory, conduct foreign affairsreserved powerspowers not specifically mentioned in the Constitution but belong to the states; health, public safety, speed limits, marriage license, drivers license, form local governments, schoolsconcurrent powerspowers held by the state and national governments; taxes, establish courts, enforce laws, build roads, borrow and spend moneyimplied powerspowers assumed by the government that are not specifically listed in the Constitution; Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause)federalismsharing of powers between state and national governmentsElastic Clausegranting Congress the power to pass all laws necessary and proper for running government; Article 1Full Faith and Credit ClauseArticle 4; contracts in one state must be recognized in anothervetoPresident can reject a lawVice Presidentpresident of the SenateCongresscomprised to 2 parts - House of Representatives and SenateHouse of Representatives435 voting members, 5 nonvoting members, based on population, serve 2 year terms, must be 25 years oldSenate100 voting members, 2 per state, serve 6 year terms, must be 30 years oldPresidentmay only serve 2 terms, must be 35 to run, serve 4 year termssupreme court justiceoffice for lifeMarbury vs Madisoncase that established judicial reviewfirst 10 amendments to the ConstitutionBill of Rights9number of states that had to ratify the Constitution for it to become officialArticles of Confederationthe first Constitution of the US3 parts of the ConstitutionPreamble, Articles, AmendmentsPreambleintroductionArticle 1established legislative branchArticle 2established executive branchArticle 3established judicial branchArticle 4regulates state powers and interaction with federal governmentArticle 5sets up amendment processArticle 6Constitution is Supreme Law of the LandArticle 79 of 13 states must ratify the ConstitutionAmendment 1freedom of speech, press, religionAmendment 2right to bear armsAmendment 3restricts the quartering of troopsAmendment 4protects from illegal search and seizureAmendment 5I plead the __Amendment 6rights of accused in criminal case; trial by jury, confront witnessAmendment 7rights in civil casesAmendment 8no excessive bails or finesAmendment 9protects rights not covered by the ConstitutionAmendment 10rights reserved to the statesAmendment 11made states immune from certain lawsuitsAmendment 12president and vice president - no longer is first place pres and second place VPAmendment 13abolished slaveryAmendment 14defines citizenship, deals with post-civil war issuesAmendment 15prohibits right to vote based on race or colorAmendment 16established federal income taxAmendment 17election of senators by popular voteAmendment 18stopped sales and manufacturing of alcoholAmendment 19suffrage for womenAmendment 20changes dates that Pres, VP, senators and House of Reps begin and endAmendment 21repeal of prohibitionAmendment 222 term limit on PresidentAmendment 23District of Columbia gains electors in the Electoral CollegeAmendment 24no poll taxAmendment 25succession of PresidentAmendment 2618 year olds have right to voteAmendment 27salaries of Congress cannot be raised until the next term