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Mme T's Volcanos

Terms in this set (43)

active
said of a volcano that is erupting and shows signs of errupting in the near future.
aftershock
an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquke in the same area
anticline
an upward fold in rock fromed by compression in Earth's crust
batholith
A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust
basalt
a dark,dense,igneous rock , with fine texture, found in oceanic crust
caldera
the large hole at the top of the volcano formed when the roof of the volcano's magma chamber collaspes
cinder cone
a steep cone shaped hill or mountain made of volcanic ash, cinders, and bombs piled up at the volcano's opening
composite volcano
a tall, cone-shaped mountain in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic materials, also know as a stratavolcano
crater
a bowl shaped area that forms around a volcano's central opening
dormant
a volcano that doen't show sighn of errupting in the near furture
earthquake
the shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface
epicenter
the point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus
extinct
said of a volcano that is unlikely to errupt again
fault
a break in the Earth's curst where slabs of rock slip past each other
fault-block mountain
a mountain that forms where a normal fault uplifts a block of rock
fold
a bend in rock that forms where part of Earth's crust is compressed
footwall
the block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault
geyser
a type of hot spring that builds up pressure underground and errupts at regular intervials as a fountain of water and steam
hanging wall
the block of rock that forms the upper part of a fault
hot spot
an area where magma from deep within the mantle melts right through the crust above it
island arc
a string of islands formed by the volcanoes along a deep ocean trech
lava
liquid magma that reaches the surface
liquefaction
loose soft soil is turned into liquid mud during violent earthquakes
magma
a molten mixture of rock forming substances,gases, and water from the mantle
magma chamber
the pocket beneath a volcano where magma collects
normal fault
a fault on an angle, caused by tension, where the hanging wall slides downward. Example: Rio Grande Rift Valley
P-wave
primary wave: a type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground
pyroclastic flow
the explusion of ash, cinders, bombs, and gases during on explosive volcanic erruption
reverse fault
a fault at an angle, caused by compression, where the hanging wall moves upwardExample Aplalachain Mountains
richter scale
a scale that rates the seismic wavesas measured by a paticular type of mechanical seismograph
ring of fire
a major belt of volcanos that rim the pacific ocean
s-wave
secondary wave; a type of seismic waves that moves the ground up and down or side to side
shearing
the stress force thet pushes a mass of rock in two opisite directions
sheild volcano
a wide gentle slopping volcano made of layers of lava and formed by quiet erruptions.
silica
a material that is formed from the elements oxygen and silicon:silica is found magma and sand
stress
a force that act on rock to change its volume or shape
strike-slip fault
a fault, caused by by shearing, where rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up and down motion. Example; San Andreas fault
surface waves
a type of seismic wave that forms when p-waves and s-waves reach Earth's surface
syncline
a downward fold in rock formed by compression in Earth's crust
tension
the stress force that pulls on the crust, streching rock to make it thinner
Tsunami
large waves that are formed when water is displaced by earthquakes
volcano
a weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface
fault line
a crack
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