Real Reading UNIT1

M- a condition giving a greater chance of success:
S- The advantage of booking tickets in advance is that you get better seats.

M- to use the good things in a situation:
S- I thought I'd take advantage of the sports facilities while I'm here.

M- to treat someone badly in order to get something good from them:
S- I think she takes advantage of his good nature.

M- the word used in tennis when a player has won the point afterdeuce:
S- Advantage Miss Williams!

M- In games such as football, if a referee plays advantage, they do not stop the game when there is a foul because allowing playto continue gives an advantage to the team that has beenfouled:
S- The ref should have played advantage because Rooney would have been through on goal.

Example Sentence
Qualifications are important but practical experience is always an advantage.

The advantage of the plan is its simplicity.

She had a decided advantage over her opponent.

You shouldn't be so trusting - people take advantage of you.

Internet connection via broadband offers many advantages.

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Terms in this set (38)

advantage (chapter 1)

(damage) verb
M- to be hurt, damaged, or destroyed by fire or extreme heat, or to cause this to happen:
S- She burned his old love letters.

M- to cause emotional pain or damage to someone
M- to kill someone by tying the person to a post and burning them

M- to completely destroy a building by fire:
S- The building was burned to the ground ten years ago.

Example Sentence
She ripped up his letters and burned the pieces.

We carted all the rubbish to the bottom of the garden and burned it.

A fierce fire is still raging through the forest, burning everything in its path .

She had a red mark on her arm where she'd burned herself.

If the animals have died from a notifiable disease, their bodies must be burned.

(produce flames) verb
M- to be on fire, or to produce flames:
S- The wood was wet and would not burn.

(produce light) verb
M- to produce light:
S- I saw a light burning in her window.

(feel hot) verb
M- If your face burns, it feels very hot:
S- His face burned with embarrassment/shame/anger.

(want) verb
M- to want to do something very much:
S- She was burning to tell us her news.

(copy) verb
M- to copy information, recorded music, images, etc. onto a CD:
S- Burn your favourite songs or your important files onto CDs.

(damage) noun
M- a place where fire or heat has hurt or damaged something:
S- One rescue worker caught in the explosion sustained severe burns.

(stream) noun
M- a small stream

(insult)
M- an insult or criticism, usually a clever and funny one:
S- She said you were too old for her? Ooh, burn!

burn

(dry surface) noun
M- the surface of the earth that is not covered by water:
S- It is cheaper to drill for oil on land than at sea.

M- an area of ground, especially when used for a particularpurpose such as farming or building:
S- This sort of land is no good for growing potatoes.

M- farms, farming, and the countryside:
S- Most of the families lived off the land (= grew their own food, etc.).

Example Sentence
The farmer grazes cattle on this land in the summer months.

This stretch of land was once covered with luxuriant forest, but is now bare.

There are several plots of land for sale.

(country) noun
M- a country:
S- a land of ice and snow
S- The group want to promote their ideas in schools throughout the land.

(arrive) verb
M- to (cause to) arrive on the ground or other surface aftermoving down through the air:
S- We should land in Madrid at 7 a.m.

M- to arrive on land from the sea:
S- We landed at Port Said in the early evening.

M- to arrive at or appear on a particular website:
S- If you click on the link you land on his blog.

(unroad) verb
M- to take goods or people off a ship or aircraft:
S- The general's plan involved landing troops behind enemy lines.

(catch) verb
M- to catch a fish with a hook (= curved piece of wire) or net andremove it from the water:
S- He landed a huge salmon.

(get) verb
M- to get or achieve something good, especially in a way thatseems easy or unexpected:
S-He landed a senior editorial job.

(succeed) verb
M- to happen or succeed as intended:
S- Some of his jokes didn't really land, but he was pretty funny.

land

adjective
M- feeling happy and comfortable because nothing is worrying you:
S- She seemed relaxed and in control of the situation.

M- A relaxed situation or place is comfortable and informal:
S- It's a very friendly bar with a nice relaxed atmosphere.

M- If someone is relaxed about something, they are not worried about it:
S- My parents are fairly relaxed about me staying out late.

Expample Sentence
There is a very relaxed atmosphere between staff and pupils at the school.

He climbed onto his horse and set off at a relaxed trot down the lane.

At the press conference, he sounded at his most relaxed.

Suntanned and relaxed, looking calmly about the room, he appeared completelyin command.

You should take it as a compliment when I fall asleep in your company - it means I'm relaxed.

relaxed

(not in danger) adjective
M- not in danger or likely to be harmed:
S- In some cities you don't feel safe going out alone at night.

M- not harmed or damaged:
S- She said that all the hostages were safe.

M- completely safe and without injury or damage:
S- After three days lost in the mountains, all the climbers arrived home safe and sound.

Example Sentence
Experts seem unable to agree whether the drug is safe or not.

It isn't safe to leave the house after dark.

(not causing harm) adjective
M- not dangerous or likely to cause harm:
S- a safe play area for children
S- a safe driver

(place) adjective
M- (of a place) where something is not likely to be lost or stolen:
S- Keep your passport in a safe place.

(not risk) adjective
M- used to refer to things that do not involve any risk:
S- I think we should go for the safest option (= the one that involves the least risks).

(parliament) adjective
M- If an official elected position in is safe, it is likely to be won by thepolitical party that has won it at previous elections:
S- a safe Conservative seat

safe

noun
M- the process of learning the skills you need to do a particular jobor activity:
S- a training course
S- a teacher-training college

M- to exercise a lot and eat particular food in order to prepareyourself for a competition

M- to be a useful experience that will be helpful when doing aparticular thing in the future:
S- His experience as a teacher was good training for parenthood.

Example Sentenc
Both soldiers spent two weeks in training before being allowed to rejoin theirunit.

His experience as a teacher was good training for parenthood.

The treatment for people addicted to tranquillizers includes training in stressmanagement and relaxation techniques.

The 21-year-old runner twisted his ankle in a training session last Friday.

training

(heaviness) verb
M- to have a heaviness of a stated amount, or tomeasure the heaviness of an object:
S- Yesterday a satellite weighing 15 tons was successfully placed in orbit.

Exapmle Sentence
weigh ten and a half stone.

She's neurotic about her weight - she weighs herself three times a day.

She weighs between 55 and 60 kilograms.

(influence) verb
M- (of something such as a fact or an event) to have aninfluence or be important:
S- Easy access to a skilled workforce weighed heavily with us when we chose a site for the new factory.

(consider)
M- to carefully consider, especially by comparing facts orpossibilities, in order to make a decision:
S- Only when we have weighed all the factors involved can we decide when would be the best time to start.

(ship)
M- to lift the anchor (= a heavy metal object) of a ship from under the water so that it can move freely

weigh

(leave)
M- to leave a closed vehicle, building, etc.:
S- I'll get out when you stop at the traffic lights.

Example Sentence
Hold the door open so that I can get out.
Do you want to get out?
The driver stopped the car at the side of the road and got out.

(visit places)
M- to go out to different places, spend time with people, and enjoy yourself:
S- We don't get out much since we had the children.

(become known)
M- If news or information gets out, people hear about it although someone is trying to keep it secret:
S- I don't want it to get out that I'm leaving before I've had a chance to tell Anthony.

get out!
us informal uk old-fashioned get away (with you)!

M-said when you do not believe or agree with what someone is saying:
S- "Ralph painted that, you know." "Get out!"

get out

M- increasingly, or an increasing number of:
S-It gets more and more difficult to understand what is going on.
S- More and more people are becoming fed up with the corruption in government.

more and more

M- living or growing in, happening in, or connected with water:
S- aquatic plants
S- aquatic sports

aquatic

S- physical harm or damage done to a living thing: M- He was removed from the game with a knee injury. M- They were lucky to escape injury.injuryM- the ability to understand completely and be familiar with a situation, facts, etc.: S- He has no comprehension of the size of the problem. S- How she manages to fit so much into a working day is beyond my comprehension (= I cannot understand it). M- a test to find out how well students understand written or spoken language: S- a listening/reading comprehensioncomprehension(noun) M- the part of a person that makes it possible for him or her to think, feel emotions, and understand things: S- Her mind was full of what had happened the night before, and she just wasn't concentrating. M- a very intelligent person: S- She was one of the most brilliant minds of the last century. <all in the/your mind> M- If a problem is all in the mind, it does not exist and is only imagined: S- His doctor tried to convince him that he wasn't really ill and that it was all in his mind. <bear/keep sth in mind> M- to remember a piece of information when you are making a decision or thinking about a matter: S- Bearing in mind how young she is, I thought she did really well. <go over sth in your mind also turn sth over in your mind> M- to think repeatedly about an event that has happened: S- She kept going over the accident again and again in her mind, wishing that she could somehow have prevented it. Example Sentence He's made up his mind, and nothing you can say will change his opinion on the issue. I know she's gone forever, but I just can't put her out of my mind. (be annoyed) M- (used in questions and negatives) to be annoyed or worried by something: S- Do you think he'd mind if I borrowed his book? M- said to someone when you feel annoyed with that person for what they have just done or said: S- Do you mind? That's my seat you're sitting on! (be careful) M- to be careful of, or give attention to something: S- [ + (that) ] Mind that box - the bottom isn't very strong. <mind (out)!> M- used to tell someone to move or be careful, or to warn someone of danger: S- Mind out! We're coming through with the stretcher. <mind how you go> M- said when you say goodbye to someone, meaning "take care" (take care of) M- to take care of someone or something: S- She asked me if I'd mind the children for an hour while she went shopping. (obey) M- to listen to and obey someone: S- Mind your grandma! S- This dog won't mind. *Grammar* <Mind as a verb> We use the verb mind to mean 'take care or be careful of or about something', or 'pay attention to something'. In this meaning, we usually use it in the imperative: ... <Mind as a noun> The noun mind refers to the part of a person that enables them to think, feel emotions and be aware of things:mind(level) adjective M- level and smooth; having little or no height and not raised or round: S- A desk provides a flat surface to work on. S- Campers look for flat ground to put up their tents. M- A drink that is flat has stopped bubbling: S- If you don't put the top back on the soda bottle, it will go flat. M- If a tire is flat, the air has gone out of it so that it does not give the support it should: S- One of my tires is flat and I'll have to change it. (complete) adjective M- complete and certain: S- His request for time off from work was met with a flat refusal. (not changing) M- (esp. of an amount of money) not changing or varying: S- We charge a flat rate of $25 per hour. S- Sales are flat (= low and not changing) during this time of year. (music) adjective M- lower in pitch than a particular or the correct note (apartment) noun M- an apartment: S- They have a house in the country and a flat in London. (something level) M- something flat, esp. a tire that has lost its air, so that it does not give the support that it should: S- We pulled off to the side of the road to change a flat. M- The flat of the hand is the inside, level part of the hand with the fingers straight: S- He swatted the table with the flat of his hand. (level) adverb M- in a level position, often against another surface: S- He hurt his back and could only sleep lying flat on his back. (completely) adverb M- completely, or to the greatest degree possible: S- When he asked for a raise, the boss turned him down flat. S- I'm flat broke (= I have no money). (exactly) adverb M- exactly: S- We managed to get to the station in five minutes flat.flat (chapter 2)(leading) adjective M- directed toward the front or in the direction you are facing, or directed toward the future: S- a forward motion S- the forward part of an airplane (too confident) adjective M- too noticeable or confident; rude: S- It was awfully forward of him to invite himself over for dinner. (send) verb M- to send e-mail to someone else or to a different address after you have received it: S- I'll forward that e-mail to you. M- To forward something that you have received means to send it to a different place: S- The post office will forward my mail while I'm away. (sports) noun a player whose position is nearer the opposing team's goal in team sports such as basketball, soccer, and hockey (leading) adverb M- toward the front, toward the direction in which you are facing, or toward a future time or better condition: S- I leaned forward and glared at her. S- The project moved forward slowly.forward(worry) verb M- to make someone worried, unhappy, or angry: S- The governor's veto upset a lot of people. (change) verb M- to change the usual or expected state or order of something in a way that stops it from happening or working: S- The airline strike could upset our vacation plans. (feel ill) verb M- to make your stomach feel bad: S- Too much fried food can upset your stomach. (worried) adjective M- worried, unhappy, or angry: S- Mom gets really upset if we don't call and tell her where we are. S- She was very upset about losing her wallet. (ill) adjective M- (of the stomach) feeling bad: S- Ginger (= the spicy root of a tropical plant) has been used to calm an upset stomach. (noun) M- (in sports) a surprising victory by a person or team that was expected to loseupset(hit) verb M- to hit someone or something with the foot, or to move the feet and legs suddenly and violently: S- I kicked the ball as hard as I could. S- I kicked at the leaves, hoping to find the ring I dropped. (excitement) noun M- a strong feeling of excitement and pleasure: S- We got a kick out of that show. (interest) noun M- a new interest, esp. one that does not last long: S- He's been on an exercise kick lately.kick(not artificial) adjective M- from nature; not artificial or involving anything made or caused by people: S- Cotton is a natural fiber. S- He died of natural causes (= because he was old or ill). M- If food or drink is described as natural, it means it has no artificial chemical substances added to it. (born with) adjective M- having an ability or characteristic because you were born with it: S- a natural athlete S- a natural blonde (expected) adjective M- to be expected; usual: S- a natural reaction S- [ + to infinitive ] It's only natural to be upset when your dog dies. (music) adjective M- (of written music) having no sharp or flat: S- a B natural S- a natural scale (music) noun M- a mark in written music that shows that a note should return to its original pitch (person born with) noun M- a person born with the characteristics or abilities needed for doing something: S- She won't have any trouble learning to ride a horse - she's a natural.natural(control) noun M- the ability or right to control people and events, or to influence the way people act or think in important ways: S- The election results showed that the Democrats had lost power, with Republicans taking over five more Democratic seats. (person who control) noun M- someone or something, such as an organization or country, that has control over others, often because of authority, importance, or wealth: S- She is a power in the field of medical education. (natural ability) noun M- a natural skill or ability to do something: S- [ U ] She was so shocked that for a moment she lost the power of speech. (strength) noun M- physical strength or force: S- He's a good baseball player - he hits with a lot of power. (energy) noun M- the ability to produce energy, or the energy produced: S- electrical/nuclear/solar power M- physics [ U ] Power is also the rate at which work is doneor at which energy is produced, measured in watts. M- [ U ] Power is also electricity: S- Whenever there's a storm in these parts, you can expect a power outage (= a loss of electrical power). (mathematics) noun M- the number of times that a number is to be multiplied by itself, or the number that is the result of multiplying a number by itself: S- Three to the fourth power can be written 34. (nation) noun an independent nation (energy) verb M- to provide something with the energy it needs to operate: S- [ T ] Many buses and trucks are powered by diesel fuel.power(not usual) adjective M- not ordinary or usual: S- a special occasion S- special attention/treatment S- The car has a number of special safety features. M- Special can also mean unusually great or important: S- You're very special to me. (particular) adjective M- having a particular purpose: S- Kevin goes to a special school for the blind. S- She's a special correspondent for National Public Radio. (thing not usually available) noun M- something that is not usually available: S- There's a two-hour special (= a television program that is not regularly shown) on the Olympics tonight. M- A special is also the sale of goods at a reduced price: S- The store had a special on lawn furniture this week.special(become longer) verb M- to reach across a distance or become longer or wider, or to cause something to do this: S- Rubber stretches when you pull it. S- The banner was stretched across the street. M- If you stretch your body, your arms, or your legs, you straighten them so that they are as long as possible: S- "I'm so tired," she said, yawning and stretching her arms. (break limits) verb M- to go beyond, or almost beyond, the usual limit of something: S- Buying a new dishwasher will really stretch our budget. S- We try to stretch ourselves in our reading group, picking books we wouldn't ordinarily read. (spread over area) verb M- to spread over a large area or distance: S- A huge cloud of dense smoke stretched across the sky. (exist over time) verb M- to spread over a long period of time: S- The dispute stretches back over many years. S- I'd like to stretch my mortgage payments out for 30 years. (unusual situation) noun M- an unusual and sometimes difficult situation: S- Playing two games in two days is a bit of a stretch for us, but I think we'll make it. (area) noun M- an area of land or water: S- Traffic is at a standstill along a five-mile stretch of Route 17 just south of Bridgeport. (becoming longer) noun M- the act of straightening your body, your arms, or your legs so that they are as long as possible: S- Before jogging, you should always do some stretches. (time) noun M- a continuous period of time: S- We had a long stretch of days with sub-zero temperatures last month.stretch(noun) M- the outer or top part or layer of something: the earth's surface S- a rough/smooth surface S- Try to find a level surface on the ground where you can spread out your sleeping bags. S- There was very little wind, and the surface of the water was calm. M- mathematics A surface is also a flat shape or area. M-The surface can also be what is obvious about a person or situation rather than truer or more important facts that are hidden or hard to see: S- But the fear that lurks just below the surface emerges quickly in talks with villagers. S- That may seem absurd on the surface, but in a few years it will seem like wisdom. (verb) M- to appear at the surface of something: S- The ducks would dive to the bottom of the lake and surface a minute or two later yards away. M- If a feeling or information surfaces, it becomes known: S- This story first surfaced about a week ago. (adjective) M-using the surface of the land or sea: S- When you land in the airport, look for signs directing you to surface transportation to get a bus to the city. S- If you send it overseas by surface mail, it will take forever.surface(water movement) noun M- a raised movement of water rolling across the surface esp. of the sea: S- We were so close we could hear the waves breaking on the beach. M- A wave is also a sudden increase in an activity or in the strength of a condition or feeling: S- A wave of emotion swept through her as she visited her home town. (energy form) noun M- the continuous, repeating pattern in which some types of energy, such as sound, light, and heat, are spread or carried: S- electromagnetic waves (move) noun M- a movement of your raised hand from side to side or up and down as a greeting or goodbye, or to get someone's attention or give information: S- She looked at him for a long time, and then, with a wave of her hand, she was off.wave(make sound) verb M-to say a word or a letter in a particular way or in a correct way: S- Around here, "aunt" is not pronounced the same as "ant." S- How do you pronounce your last name? (to state) verb M- to state something officially or formally: S- Dewey was mistakenly pronounced the winner of the election.pronounceM- the mental or physical power or skill needed to do something: S- They should not be taking in somebody they don't have the ability to care for. S- Her teammates respect her abilities.abilityM- a sea mammal that looks like a large fish with a pointed mouth Example Sentence After studying dolphins, people built submarines to move quickly in the ocean and stay under the water for a long time. Dolphins move quickly in the water not only to be safe from danger. Dolphins use their tails to go faster and their fins to change direction. Whales and dolphins look like fish, but they're really mammals!dolphin(adjective) M- in a lower position (than); under: S- The author's name was printed below the title. S- There's a basement below the first floor. M- Below also means less in number or value: S- It's been below freezing every day this week. S- It's for young kids below the age of six.belowM- a part similar to an arm used for swimming by any of various sea animals, such as seals and penguins M- A flipper is also a long, wide rubber shoe used for swimming.flipperM- a type of dancing in which controlled movements of the body are designed to express the beauty of physical motion, often while telling a story, or a piece of music for such dancingballet(break) verb M- to break something quickly with a cracking sound: S- High winds caused some power lines to snap, and we lost our electricity. M- fig. People who snap suddenly lose control of their behavior when they experience very strong emotions: S- His lawyer said he just snapped. (move quickly) verb M- to move (something) or change into a new position quickly: S- The sudden stop of the car snapped his head back. M- If you snap your fingers, you make a sudden, cracking noise by pushing a finger against the base of your thumb, usually in order to get someone's attention. (fasten/close) verb M- to make a quick, cracking sound by suddenly bringing together the two parts of something: S- She snapped her briefcase shut and marched out of the room. M- If a dog snaps at you, it suddenly tries to bite you. (speak) verb M- to speak or say something suddenly in anger: S- Don't snap at your brother like that. (take photographs) verb M- to use a camera to take a photograph without spending a lot of time doing it: S- Washington is full of tourists snapping pictures of each other. (something easy) noun M- something that can be done without any difficulty: S- Thinking that the exam would be a snap, she didn't bother to study for it. (thing that fastens) noun M= a small clothes fastener with two round parts, one of which is pushed into the other: S- The shirt fastens with snaps. (break) noun M- the act of breaking something stiff, or the cracking sound made when it breaks: S- The plastic handle broke with a loud snap. (sudden) adjective M- done suddenly without allowing time for careful thought or preparation: S- Don't make a snap decision - take some time to think it over.snap(object aimed at) M- an object aimed and fired at during shooting practice, often a circle with a pattern of rings, or any object or place at which arrows, bullets, bombs, and other missiles are aimed: S- I missed the target. S- The plane passed over the target. M- A target is also a person or group attacked in some way: S- The president was the main target of the senator's speech. (intended result) noun M- a result or situation that you intend to achieve: S- We met our sales target for the year. S- Your calculations were on target (= accurate). (aim) verb M- to direct an action, advertising, or a product at a particular person or group: S- The paper is targeted at young people. (aim attack) verb M- to direct an attack or criticism against someone or something: S- The candidate targeted his opponent's comments on the policy.target(noun) M- a thin sheet of a substance on top of a surface, or a level of material that is different from the material on either side: S- We put on two layers of paint. S- The road was built up with layers of crushed stone and asphalt. (verb) M- to arrange something in layers: S- Layer the pasta with slices of tomato.layerM- the ability to understand completely and be familiar with a situation, facts, etc.: S- He has no comprehension of the size of the problem. S- How she manages to fit so much into a working day is beyond my comprehension (= I cannot understand it). M- a test to find out how well students understand written or spoken language: S- a listening/reading comprehensioncomplehension(noun) M- the activity of lifting heavy bars to strengthen the muscles, either for exercise or in a competition *weightlifter S- The 5-foot-9, 200-pound weightlifter had a Superman logo tattooed on his left arm.weightlifting(noun) M- a long-range plan for achieving something or reaching a goal, or the skill of making such plans: S- Chess is a game that requires strategy. *strategic (adjective) US S- The hill was of strategic importance for control of the countryside. *strategically (adverb) S- The cameras are strategically placed in areas with the most criminal activity.strategy(noun) M- the number of times that a wave is produced within a particular period, esp. within one second: S- Dogs can hear very high frequencies. (common) M- the number of times something is repeated, or the fact of something happening often: S- Houses are sold here with greater frequency than in most other parts of the country.frequency(somewhere else) adjective & adverb M- somewhere else, or to or in a different place, position, or situation: S- Barbara is away on vacation until the end of the week. (distant) adverb M- at a distance (from this place): S- How far away is the station? (in the future) adverb M- in the future; from now: S- The wedding is still six months away. (into place) adverb M- in or into the usual or a suitable place, esp. one that is enclosed: S- Put the groceries away before you go out again. (gradually) adverb M- gradually until mostly or completely gone: S- The music faded away. (continuously) adverb M- continuously or repeatedly, or actively: S- Chris has been working away on the car all day.awayM- to consider something in order to make changes in it, study it, or give an opinion about it: S- Officials have to review the text before it's made public. S- She spent half the night reviewing her notes for the French test (= studying them again).review

Real Reading UNIT1

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