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BIO 110 DNA Replication

Terms in this set (17)

antiparallel
two polymers (such as DNA) are antiparallel if they run parallel to each other but with opposite alignments
DNA polymerase
an enzyme that synthesize DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks of DNA.

DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3' end of a newly synthesized strand of DNA
excision repair
a DNA repair mechanism that removes damaged DNA bases that could result in mutation
helicase
an enzyme involved in DNA replication that separates double-stranded DNA into single strands, thus allowing each strand to be copied
lagging strand
During DNA Replication, the lagging strand is produced in small fragments known as Okazaki fragments due to the behavior of DNA polymerase adding nucleotides to the 3' end of newly synthesized DNA
leading strand
During DNA replication, the leading strand is produced continuously
ligase
an enzyme that catalyzes the joining of the Okazaki fragments produced along the lagging strand of DNA
mismatch repair
a repair system that recognizes and repairs erroneous insertions, deletions, and mis-incorporation of bases that occur during DNA replication
mutation
the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of a gene
okazaki fragment
newly synthesized DNA fragments formed on the lagging template strand during DNA replication
origins of replication
a DNA sequence in a chromosome at which DNA replication is initiated
primase
an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a short RNA primer complementary to a DNA template
primer
a short segment of RNA that is the starting point for DNA replication
replication fork
partial separation of the DNA double helix results in formation of a replication fork where DNA replication occurs
semiconservative replication
the mechanism by which DNA replicates in cells; the parent strand separates and each strand is a template to form a second complementary strand.

Each new double-stranded DNA molecule is composed of one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand
single-strand binding protein
proteins that prevent single-stranded DNA from annealing into double-stranded DNA
template strand
in DNA replication, a strand of DNA that is being copied by DNA polymerase
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