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Global politics final

Terms in this set (44)

Collective Defense
Variant of the concept of collective security, but with the assumption that there will be alliances made up of Nations that pool their power or capabilities in order to balance the power of other states or alliances.
Democratic Peace
The notion that Democratic countries are more peaceful because they do not go to war against other Democratic countries.
Groupthink
the tendency for members of a group to suppress dissent in order to arrive at a single decision.
Hard Power
the use of a country's military power to influence events or the outcome of decisions.
Hegemonic Power
A state with the predominance of power, thereby enabling it to dominate political, economic, and/or political relations.
Just War
the moral criteria that states should use when going to war, in fighting a war, and in ending a war.
Marxism
there is an inherent conflict that exists within and across societies and even nations that pits the have nots against the haves. economic factors shapes a country's relationships, with richer oppressing the poorer. those who are oppressed by the dominant economic system will rise up.
MNC
major corporations or companies that are based in one country and do business of some kind in at least one other country.
Nation vs. Country
Nation: a group of people with similar background, culture, ethnicity, and language, who share common values. (the people) Country: is a region that is identified as a distinct national entity
Nationalism
commitment to a central (national) identity or consciousness rather than loyalty to the ruler or state.
Nation-state
A nation-state is made up of a group of individuals who live within a defined territory and under a single government. Together, they form a society that has certain values and beliefs in common. Generally referred to as a country.
NGO
organizations that operate across international borders whose members are individuals, rather than countries or nation-states. Often they try to influence policy or to advocate for an issue that transcends international borders, such as the environment or human rights. Some NGO's provide disaster relief.
Non state actors
An actor, entity, or group of any kind (ex. terrorist groups, MNC) that is not a unique nation-state but plays a role in the international system and in international relations
Realism
bread and butter of international relations theory, power is finite, and comes in fixed amounts. It emphasizes the role of the nation-state and makes a broad assumption that all nation-states are motivated by national interests, or, at best, national interests disguised as moral concerns.
Self Determination
the desire for a people to be recognized as a nation that is able to govern itself. the belief that each group of people should be allowed to determine who is responsible for leading or governing them.
Soft Power
influencing other through cooperation or co-option by drawing on common values, ideals, and shared cultural norms.
Sovereignty
Within any given territory, recognition of the government as the single legitimate authority. No external power has the right to intervene in actions that take place within national borders.
State
An entity with a defined border under the rule of the governmental structure that is accepted within the people of the border.
Asymmetric War
war between belligerents whose relative military power differs significantly, or whose strategy or tactics differ significantly.
Colonialism
is a practice of domination, which involves the subjugation of one people to another. usually involved the transfer of population to a new territory, where the arrivals lived as permanent settlers while maintaining political allegiance to their country of origin.
Competitive advantage
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Creative destruction
process of industrial mutation that incessantly revolutionizes the economic structure from within, incessantly destroying the old one, incessantly creating a new one.
Free Market
is an idealized system in which the prices for goods and services are determined by the open market and consumers, in which the laws and forces of supply and demand are free from any intervention by a government, price-setting monopoly, or other authority.
Greenhouse gas
Any of the atmospheric gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation produced by solar warming of the Earth's surface. They include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (NO2), and water vapor.
Idealism
also known as liberalism starts with different assumptions about the world than does realism, and it believes in pursuing policies that can be termed to be in the common good, rather than what is good for the individual state.
Immigration
the international movement of people into a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle or reside there, especially as permanent residents or naturalized citizens, or to take-up employment as a migrant worker or temporarily as a foreign worker.
Internally displaced people
is someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders. They are often referred to as refugees,
Kyoto treaty
An international agreement negotiated in Kyoto Japan in 1997 that extended the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and set targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Migration
Many people are forced to migrate because of a war, civil war or state policies which discriminate against particular categories of its citizens or the political opponents of those in power.
Nato
is an intergovernmental military alliance between several North American and European states based on the North Atlantic Treaty that was signed on 4 April 1949.
Neo-Colonialist
The dominance of strong nations over weak nations, not by direct political control (as in traditional colonialism), but by economic and cultural influence.
Patriotism
is the ideology of attachment to a homeland. This attachment can be viewed in terms of different features relating to one's own homeland, including ethnic, cultural, political or historical aspects. It encompasses a set of concepts closely related to those of nationalism.
Political Rationality
Analogous to the economists' hypothetical rational man, the political man seeks to maximize his power. They note the idiosyncratic limitations of assuming that all purposive. behavior is rational by definition, and turn to the action with the larger.
power
the ability of one actor to influence another or to influence the outcome of events in order to achieve desired ends. Power is one of the central concepts in international relations
Race to the bottom
socio-economic phrase which is used to describe government deregulation of the business environment or taxes in order to attract or retain economic activity in their jurisdictions.
Rationality
the assumption that decisions will be made based on a logical process that allows for the assessment of choices, weighing of costs and benefits, and review of alternatives before arriving at a final decision that will further the actor's self interest.
Refugee
a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster.
republican form of government
is one in which the powers of sovereignty are vested in the people and are exercised by the people, either directly, or through representatives chosen by the people, to whom those powers are specially delegated.
Sharp, Sticky and sweet power
attracting other countries to the U.S. system and then trapping them in it.
social contract
the voluntary agreement among individuals by which, according to any of various theories, as of Hobbes, Locke, or Rousseau, organized society is brought into being and invested with the right to secure mutual protection and welfare or to regulate the relations among its members.
stateless people (example)
a group of people who seek to create their own state with defined borders and a government that is sovereign. they often have the trappings of statehood, including a governmental structure and a single dominant nation, but they do not see themselves as part of any existing state. The Palestinian peoples are one example of this group, as are the kurds, who straddle a number of different countries.
terrorist
The unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property in order to coerce or intimidate a government or the civilian population in furtherance of political or social objectives
trade peace
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treaty organizations (examples)
United Nations
Nato
World Bank
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