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Brinkley AP American History Chapter 12 Vocab

Terms in this set (34)

Abolitionists
People who advocated for the abolition of slavery. Used fierce arguments and violence, and helped slaves escape the South.
American Colonization Society
Group formed by prominent white Virginians that worked carefully to challenge slavery without challenging property rights or southern sensibilities.
Amistad
Spanish slave vessel whose legal battle was founded in part by moderate abolitionists and Garrisonians.
Anti-Abolitionism
Mainly made up of white southerners, but even many northerners did not support abolition. Some members resorted to violence.
Charles Grandison Finney
Presbyterian revival preacher who became an evangelist after a moving conversion experience. Denounced alcohol and slavery. Eventually became president of Oberlin College in Ohio, a hotbed for revivalist and abolitionist activity.
David Walker
Black abolitionist who called for the immediate emancipation of slaves, a bloody end to white supremacy, and for slaves to physically revolt.
Edgar Allen Poe
Lived a short and unhappy life, and produced stories and poems that were primarily sad and macabre. Later works including the famous "The Raven" established him as a major, if controversial, literary figure.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Suffragette who helped organize the Seneca Falls convention and co-founded the National Women's Suffrage association with Susan B. Anthony.
Feminism
Movement beginning in the 1830s that focused on the acquisition of equal rights for women.
Frederick Douglass
Famous abolitionist and writer; escaped slavery and became a leading African American spokesman and advocate.
Fugitive Slave Law
Provided for the return of escaped slaves to their owners. The North was lax about enforcing the 1793 law, so Southerners made sure the 1850 law was tougher.
Harriet Beecher Stowe
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United States writer of a novel about slavery that advanced the abolitionists' cause (1811-1896)
Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin
Henry David Thoreau
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Author of Walden who practiced ideas of transcendentalism.
United States writer and social critic (1817-1862)
Herman Melville
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wrote Moby Dick
an orphan from New York who went on a sea voyage at 18 and produced "Moby Dick"
New York writer whose romantic sea tales were more popular than his dark literary masterpiece
Horace Mann
worked to reform the American education system, abolitionist, prison/asylum reform with Dorothea Dix
Hudson River School
American artistic movement that produced romantic renditions of local landscapes.
a group of American artists in the mid-1800s whose paintings focused on the American landscape
Indian Reservation
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Native Americans were sent federal lands to "protect their culture". In reality destroyed culture.
James Fenimore Cooper
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United States novelist noted for his stories of indians and the frontier life (1789-1851)
Joseph Smith
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religious leader who founded the Mormon Church in 1830 (1805-1844)
Lucretia Mott
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Quaker women's rights advocate who also strongly supported abolition of slavery
Margaret Fuller
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American writer who wrote and edited material on transcendentalism
Nathaniel Hawthorne
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Original resident of Brook Farm; disillusionment of utopias; The Scarlet Letter
Protestant Revivalism
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Participation by women and blacks, demonstrating the influence and growth of democracy.
Public Education
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Informing the public about key issues and about what Congress is doing about those issues.
tax supported schools *helped many people get an education, but also excluded many groups
Ralph Waldo Emerson
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United States writer and leading exponent of transcendentalism (1803-1882)
wrote "Self-Reliance;" Transcendentalist poet, essayist, speaker
The American Scholar
Sarah and Angelica Grimke
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Sisters born in South Carolina who had become active and outspoken abolitionists
"White Sisters" from South Carolina. First women to speak out for slaves
Seneca Falls Convention
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the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written
a women's rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848.
Shakers
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The followers of Mother Ann Lee, who preached a religion of strict celibacy and communal living.
"Universal Friends" - Promoted celibacy (died out unsurprisingly)
Susan B. Anthony
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Key leader of woman suffrage movement
An American social reformer and feminist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement.
Temperance Crusade
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A movement led mostly by women to ban alcohol in the US
A reform movement began by the Protestants to end alcohol abuse
Transcendentalism
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any system of philosophy emphasizing the intuitive and spiritual above the empirical and material
philosophy that emphasized the truth to be found in nature and intuition
Utopian Societies
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Experimental communities in the antebellum period that attempted to create the perfect society
"perfect" and ideal communities
did not last more than a few years at a time
Walt Whitman
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Unrestrained celebration of democracy; liberation of individual; broke traditional forms of verse
I Hear America Singing
William Lloyd Garrison
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United States abolitionist who published an anti-slavery journal (1805-1879)
White Abolitionist - Early 1800s - published The Liberator
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