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Final Prep: Test 2

Terms in this set (53)

Which of these processes occurs in the cytosol?

A. the citric acid cycle

B. glycolysis

C. the electron transport system

D. the preparatory reaction
B
The first phase of the aerobic cellular respiration is

A. the citric acid cycle

B. glycolysis

C. the electron transport system

D. fermentation

E. the preparatory reaction
B
Which process produces alcohol or lactate?

A. the citric acid cycle

B. glycolysis

C. the electron transport system

D. fermentation

E. the preparatory reaction
D
During glycolysis, ___ carbons will enter the pathway, but ___ carbons will leave in the form of pyruvates

A. 6 : 6

B. 6 : 3

C. 3 : 6

D. 12 : 6

E. oxaloacetate
A
The majority of the carbon dioxide we exhale is produced in

A. glycolysis

B. the electron transport system

C. lactate fermentation

D. the citric acid cycle
C
The amino acids we cannot synthesize are called __ because we __.

A. unnecessary; therefore do not need them

B. limiting; must include them in our diet

C. anabolic; must use alternative amino acids

D. essential; must include them in our diet

E. superfluous; must survive without them
D
Mitochondria diagram

Identify 'a' as the...
cristae
Mitochondria diagram

Identify 'b' as the...
matrix
Compared with other cell components (organelles, cell membrane, or nucleus), the mitochondria would be the only one that would

A. form an electrochemical gradient across a membrane

B. use significant amounts of Oxygen to produce ATP

C. use a chemiosmotic complex to produce ATP

D. produce ATP via glycolysis

E. release protons (H+)
B
The most important contribution of the citric acid cycle to cellular respiration is

A. production of large quantities of ATP

B. creation of proton gradients

C. reduction of glucose and corresponding oxidation of carbon dioxide

D. oxidation of metabolite molecules and the corresponding reduction of coenzymes

E. release of CO2
D
If a parent cell has 48 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cells have after mitosis and cytokinesis occur?

A. 24

B. 48

C. 12

D. 96
B
Interphase:

A. occupies the majority of the cell cycle

B. includes the G1, S, and G2 stages

C. results in an increase in cell size

D. all of the answer choices are correct

E. None of the answer choices are correct
D
Eukaryotic chromosomes

A. consists of both DNA and Protein

B. may occur as chromatin

C. contain histones responsible for packaging DNA to fit into a small space

D. all choices are correct
D
The function of mitosis is:

A. growth of the organism and tissue repair

B. to ensure that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information

C. asexual reproduction in some species

D. all of the choices are correct
D
which statement is not true about eukaryotic chromosomes

A. there is only one chromosome of each type in each body cell

B. chromosomes contain both DNA and associated histones

C. chromosomes condense from chromatin at the start of mitosis

D. chromosomes disperse back into chromatin at the end of mitosis

E. chromosomes are not located within the nuclear envelope during mitosis
A
The diploid (2n) number of chromosomes fir a human being is

A. 23

B. 24

C. 44

D. 46

E. 48
D
Which sequence of stages in mitosis is correct?

A. prophase, anaphase, prometaphase, metaphase, telophase

B. prophase, telophase, anaphase, prometaphase, metaphase

C. prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

D. telophase, anaphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase

E. anaphase, prometaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase
C
What occurs in anaphase?

A. centrioles move to opposite poles

B. Chromosomes move to opposite poles

C. Chromosomes line up along the equator of the dividing cell

D. The nuclear envelope disappears

E. the nuclear envelope is constructed
B
What phase of mitosis is pictured?

A. prophase

B. prometaphase

C.metaphase

D. anaphase

E. telophase
D
What phase of mitosis is pictured?

A. prophase

B. prometaphase

C.metaphase

D. anaphase

E. telophase
C
What process is occurring in the figure?

A. metaphase is occurring

B. cytokinesis is occurring

C. telophase is occurring

D. anaphase is occurring
B
Which statement below best describes the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?

A. mitosis is the portion of the cell cycle that divides the nuclear material while cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm

B. mitosis is the portion of the cell cycle that divides the cytoplasm while cytokinesis divides the nuclear material

C. mitosis is the portion of the cell that uses contractile ring to divide the nuclear material while cytokinesis uses the contractile ring to divide the cell membrane

D. mitosis is the portion of the cell cycle that uses a cell plate to divide the cell membrane in plant cells while cytokinesis uses a contractile ring to divide the cell membrane in animal cells
a. mitosis is the portion of the cell cycle that divides the nuclear material while cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm
If a sperm cell contains 8 chromosomes, it comes from an animal that has_____ chromosomes

A. 4

B. 8

C. 12

D. 16

E. 24
D
What is the importance of crossing over?

A. it provides extra genetic material for the daughter cells

B. it increases the likelihood that daughter cells contain different genetic material.

C. it produces the proteins that are associated with DNA in chromosomes

D. it increases chromosome condensation

E. it separates the homologous chromosomes
B
Species X reproduces asexually by fission and species Y reproduces sexually. Consider that all other relevant characteristics are similar between these species. When the environment gradually changes, then

A. species X and Y will have an equal chance of surviving.

B. species Y should have a better chance of surviving than species X.

C. species X should have a better chance of surviving than species Y.

D. neither species should have an advantage in surviving since organisms often become extinct when the environment changes.
B. species Y should have a better chance of surviving than species X.
Where in the human male does spermatogenesis occur?

A. ovaries

B. prostate gland

C. epididymus

D. testes
D
What is this a diagram of?

A. crossing over is occurring

B. cytokinesis is occurring

C. Matching is occurring

D. seperation over is occurring
A (27)
All of the following are true concerning Down Syndrome EXCEPT

A. it is caused by autosomal
trisomy 21

B. in 23% of cases, the sperm contributes the extra chromosome

C. it is the most common trisomy in humans

D. chances of a woman having a child with Down Syndrome decreases with her age
D. chances of a woman having a child with Down Syndrome decreases with her age
Is this cell going through mitosis or meiosis?

A. mitosis

B. meiosis
A
During which stage of the cells cycle is cell growth and replication of organelles most signifigant
B
In a classic Mendelian monohybrid cross between a homozygous dominant parent and a homozygous recessive parent, which generation is always completely heterozygous?

A. F1 generation
B. F2 generation
C. F3 generation
D. P generation
A
What are alleles?

A. genes for different traits, such as hair color or eye color

B. alternative forms of a genes for a single trait, such as blue eyes or brown eyes

C. the locations of genes on a chromosome

D. recessive forms of a kind of characteristic carried by genes

E. dominant forms of a kind of characteristic carried by genes
B
Each gamete carries one factor, now called an allele, for each inherited trait.

A. True

B. fFalse
A
Polygenic traits such as height or weight are often influenced by the environment of the organism

A. True

B. fFalse
A
Which allele combination represents a homozygous dominant individual?

A. AA

B. Aa

C. aa

D. none of these are homozygous dominant individuals
A
Which allele combination represents a recessiveindividual?

A. aa

B. AA

C. Aa

D. none of these represent a recessive individual
A
During Mendel's pea plants experiment he discovered that the trait for tallness is dominant to that of shortness. Which of the following statements is correct?

A. Tall = TT or Tt while short =tt
B. Tall = TT or tt while short =Tt
C. Tall = tt while short = TT or Tt
D. None of these statements are correct.
A
Which of the following is not part of Mendel's law of segregation?

A. Each individual has two factors for each trait

B. The factors segregate during meiosis

C. Each gamete will contain two factors for a trait

D. Fertilization gives the offspring two factors for each trait.
C
When a round fruit plant is crossed with a long fruit plant, their offspring are oval. What is the best explanation for this scenario?

A. pleiotropic inheritance

B. polygenic inheritance

C. incomplete dominance

D. X-linked inheritance
C
Which of the following statements about DNA replication is NOT correct?

A. Unwinding of the DNA molecule occurs as hydrogen bonds break.

B. Replication occurs as each base is paired with another exactly like it.

C. The process is known as semiconservative replication because one old strand is conserved in the new molecule.

D. The enzyme that catalyzes DNA replication is DNA polymerase.

E. Complementary base pairs are held together with hydrogen bonds.
b.Replication occurs as each base is paired with another exactly like it.
Nucleotides contain all of the following except

A. a phosphate group

B. a 5-carbon sugar

C. a nitrogen base

D. histones

E. a phosphate and a nitrogen base
D
During DNA replication, the enzyme _____ catalyzes the elongation of new DNA by adding, to the 3' end of the previous nucleotide, new nucleotides that are are complimentary to a DNA template.

A. helicase

B. DNA polymerase

C. DNA ligase

D. ATP synthase
B
DNA replication is considered semiconservative because

A. it will create 3 new, identical strands when finished

B. it uses the original strand as a template for replication

C. it always replicates in the 3 to 5 prime direction

D. it never replicates in the 5 to 3 prime direction
B
Which is not true about the genetic code?

A. most amino acids have only 1 codon

B. it is composed of a triplet code of 3 bases per codon

C. It produces 64 different possibilities of base sequences

D. it was cracked through the use of a cell-free system of enzymes

E. it contains start and stop codons as instructions
A
An unknown chemical is analyzed and found to contain the bases thymine and guanine. This chemical is most likely

A. tRNA
B. mRNA
C. DNA
D. rRNA
C
Codons

A. are triplets coding for a single amino acid

B. are the alphebet of the genetic language

C. each have only one meaning

D. All of the choices are correct
D
Transcription of a part of a DNA molecule with a nucleotide sequence of AAACAACTT results in a mRNA molecule with the complimentary sequence of
A. GGGAGAACC
B. UUUCUUCAA
C. UUUGUUGAA
D. TTTGAAGCC
E. CCCACCTCC
F. none of the choices are correct
C
If one strand of DNA has the base sequence AAGCAA, the complimentary strand has which of the following sequences?
A.UUCGUU
B. TTCGTT
C. AAGCAA
D. UTCGTU
E. TTCGTG
B
For translation to take place, which of the followign would not be required to be present?
A. DNA
B. mRNA
C. tRNA-amina acid complex
D. rRNA
E. ribosome
A
Which of the following processes does not take place during translation?
A. Growth of a polypeptide chain
B. Attachment of a ribosome to mRNA
C. Binding of two tRNA molecules per ribosomes.
D. liberation of polypeptide from the ribosome
E. production of mRNA
E
A(n) _____ is a group of 3 bases on tRNA that is complimentary to a specific mRNA codon

A. codon
B. anticodon
C. poly-A tail
D. cap
B
Determine the number of codon sequences it would require to produce the following amino acid sequence : alanine - proline-serine-isoleucine-stop

A. it would take 5 codon sequences
B. it would take 3 codon sequences
C. it would take 6 codon sequences
D. it would take 4 codon sequences
A
complimentary base pairing rules state that
A. A+G;T+C
B. A+C; T+G
C. A+A; T+C
D. A+T; G+C
A
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