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MCAT - AAMC - Practice Exam 3

Terms in this set (33)

C = Q/V

Farads = coulombs/voltage
What's the equation for capacitance? Include units.
Power
What does the equation (Force ÷ velocity) equal to?
D. heats of combustion

relative thermodynamic stability of isomers can be determined based on the amount of heat produced when the compounds are combusted

Less heat = Greater stability
The relative thermodynamic stability of isomeric organic compounds can be inferred from which of the following types of experimental data?

A. boiling points
B. UV-vis absorption spectra
C. Mass spectroscopic fragmentation patterns
D. heats of combustion
The minimum energy barrier necessary to be overcome by the reactants on the path to products

The energy of the activation for the reaction is the activated complex minus the energy of the reactants
What is activation energy?
C. Alter the ratio of the monosodium/disodium phosphate added to favor the monosodium species

Draw at dissociation of phosphoric acid, and see why this it the answer
The pH of a 1L phosphate butter solution was measured as 7.6 but the experimental procedure calls for a pH 7.2 buffer. Which method will adjust the solution to the proper pH?

pKa for phosphoric acid -- 2.2 , 7.2 , and 12.3

A, Add enough 1M Na2HPO3 to increase the phosphate anion concentration ten-fold
B. Add 1M NaOH to neutralize a portion of the hydronium ions found in the solution
C. Alter the ratio of the monosodium/disodium phosphate added to favor the monosodium species
D. All 100mL distilled, deionized water to dilute the basicity of the buffer
D. The reaction is allowed to reach equilibrium before measurements are taken.

Once the reaction reaches equilibrium, measurement of Vo will be impossible and the kinetic data will look the same regardless of substrate concentrations.Hence, this is not necessary nor desirable to achieve reliable data for Michaelis-Menton enzyme kinetics
Which experimental condition is NOT necessary to achieve reliable data for Michaelis-Menten kinetics?

A. Initial velocity is measure under steady state conditions
B. Solution pH remains constant at all substrate concentrations
C. The concentration of enzymes is lower than that of substrate
D. The reaction is allowed to reach equilibrium before measurements are taken.
RC=O
What structure is attached during acetylation?
NHOH
What is the structure of a hydroxylamine?
heme
- related to porphyrin
--- related to pyrrole ring, which is a 5-member ring with a double bond and a NH group.
What is comprised in a heme cofactor?
A. Frequency

Not affected by medium.
Which of the following properties of a 2.3MHz ultrasound wave remains unchanged as it passes into human tissues?

A. Frequency
B. Wave speed
C. Amplitude
D. Wavelength
C. the fast-twitch fibers is capable of generating more power than the slow-twitch fiber, while the potential for force generation is the same

Same diameter = same force
Fast velocity > slow velocity | Power NOT the same.
What are the relative potentials for force and power generation by a slow-twich muscle fiber and a fast-twitch muscle fiber of the same diameter? Given:
- Power = force x velocity
- Force exerted by a muscle is proportional to the cross-section area of its contractile elements, which depends on both fiber type and environmental factors.

A. the slow-twitch and fast twitch fiber possess the same potentials for force and power generation
B. the slow-twitch fiber is capable of generating more force than the fast-twitch fiber, while the potential for power generation is the same.
C. the fast-twitch fibers is capable of generating more power than the slow-twitch fiber, while the potential for force generation is the same
D. the fast-twitch fibers is capable of generating more force than the slow-twitch fiber, while the potential for power generation is the same
specialized type of smooth ER that regulates the calcium ion concentration in the cytoplasm of striated muscle cells.
What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum? What structure is it related to when compared to normal eukaryotic cells?
Makes the chromatin more tightly bound to histone, condensing it, and inhibiting transcription

Acetyl is [(methyl)-(carboxyl)-(R)]
For the billionth time, what does deacetylation do?
NADPH (needed for anabolic processes)
Ribulose (nucleotide synthesis)
What are two main products of PPP?
A. 0.12M

Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to concentration. If it's pressure is cut by one-fourth, then the concentration is cut by one-fourth.
The average osmotic pressure of ocean water is 28 atm corresponding to a concentration of 0.50M solutes. What is the approximate concentration of solutes present in blood with an osmotic pressure of 7atm?

A. 0.12M
B. 0.25M
C. 2.0M
D. 3.5M
palindrome sequence; they recognize a 4-base or 6-base sequence
What do restriction enzymes look for in their sites?
Imprinted genes are expressed in parent-specific manner
What is an imprinted gene?
Essentially this is the extent to which findings (from a study) can be generalized (or extended) to the those in natural settings
What's generalizability?
Income, education, and occupation
What are the three components of socioeconomic status?
benefits provided by social networks
What is social capital?
correspondence bias or attribution effect, is the claim that in contrast to interpretations of their own behavior, people place undue emphasis on internal characteristics of the agent (character or intention), rather than external factors, in explaining other people's behavior


thinking about internal NOT external factors
What is the fundamental attribution error?
A. extinction
without the reinforcement of the operant conditioning, the frequency discontinued

shaping = learning by practice

stimulus discrimination = responding to some stimuli, but not others.

stimulus generalization = conditioned stimulus is related to a NEW, thus exhibiting similar behavior to this new one
The frequency with which students completed problems decreased after their teacher stopped rewarding completed problems with candy. This observation is an example of which phenomenon?

A. extinction
B. shaping
C. stimulus discrimination
D stimulus generalization
D. life course perspective on health behavior

particularly referring to stages of life (adolescence vs adulthood)
Public health campaigns often target behaviors that are formed in adolescence. For example, alcohol, tobacco, and drug use interventions are often designed to prevent or delay risky behaviors because patterns established in adolescence are associated with disorders in adulthood. This example is best describes as using which approach to health?

A. biopsychosocial model of health risks
B. macrosociological perspective on health risks.
C. social construction on health behaviors
D. life course perspective on health behavior
How the presence of others affects your behavior -- help or hinder
What's social facilitation?
groupthink = introduce less to the table because majority or leader decides for you; less thought process per individual

assimilation = we take in new information or experiences and incorporate them into our existing ideas.
How would you differentiate between groupthink and assimilation?
Glutamate! The most common excitatory neurotransmitter.
What are NMDA receptors related to?
B. intragenerational mobility


intergenerational mobility = throughout generations

structural mobility = vertical movement BUT within a specific group, not class.
When an individual moves from one social class to another over the course of his or her lifetime, this process is defined as:

A. intergenerational mobility
B. intragenerational mobility
C. structural mobility
D. horizontal mobility
a hierarchy that society ranks

status | power | wealth
What is social stratification?
extraversion = social, communicative, excited

agreeableness = trust-level

openness = imagination/insight

conscientiousness = control over life

neuroticism - levels of emotional stability/instability
What are the five big personality traits?
motivation to specifically maintain homeostasis
What is the drive theory?
role strain - the stress or strain experienced by an individual when incompatible behavior, expectations, or obligations are associated with a single social role

role conflict = situation in which a person is expected to play two incompatible roles
What is the difference between role strain and role conflict?
internal = your fault
external = their fault
Internal vs external control
INTERPERSONAL problems = forming friendships, expressing feelings

EXTERNAL problems = environmental favors, impulsive behaviors

LEARNING problems = difficulties with attentiveness, flexibility, task activities

INTERNALIZING problems = measures anxiety
What are the 4 main influences on behavior?
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