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Western Heritage Chapter 5 test

Terms in this set (49)

Absolute Monarchy
A monarch that controls everything. Without any question to authority and have divine right.
Control govt., taxes and people
Divine Right
The idea that God gave a monarch his/her authority to rule
Huguenot
Another name for French Protestants
Henry IV
Prior to the ruling of France, he was a Huguenot. He said "Paris is worth a mass" and was a member of the Bourbon Dynasty
Balance of power
Power balanced equally throughout all of Europe
Cardinal Richelieu
Chief Minister of Lous XII who helped set the foundation of Absolutism; first minister
Cardinal Mazarin
Chief Minister to Louis XIV; stopped Thirty Years' War; second minister
Intendants
Louis XIV's royal officials who collected taxes, recruited soldiers and carried out policies in provinces
Palace of Versailles
Created to keep Nobles happy and keep them there so Louis XIV can increase his own power. It was a symbol of his wealth and power
The Sun King
What Louis XIV was known as because he as well as France were the center of everything; as well as a way to connect with Apollo with Divine Right
Edict of Nantes
Protects French Protestants
Jean Baptiste Colbert
Louis XIV's head of treasury, followed mercantilist policies to bolster the economy and promote trade in France
Elizabeth 1
Monarch of the Tutor family. No direct heirs so passed on throne to to her cousin James Stuart
Charles 1
English King was forced to sign Petition of Rights and ignored it, executed as a result of English Civil War
Parliament
English Legislative Body
Oliver Cromwell
Ruler of English Commonwealth, he ended up acting like a military dictator
Puritans
A religous group that frowned on lewd dancing, raged against taverns, plays and gambling
Charles II
Restoration period in 1660 resulted in ruler taking reign of England
Ivan the Terrible
was Czar of Russia who organized his own police force, their chief duty was to hunt down and murder people who he considers traitors
Constitutional Monarchy
Government in where the legislation limits monarchy's power
Habeas Corpus
Principle that no person could be held in prison without being charged with a specific crime
Peter the Great
Russian Czar was credited with trying to westernize Russia
Petition of Rights
Prohibited the King from raising taxes without consent of Parliament or imprisoning anyone else without a just cause
Cavaliers
The group that fought for Charles I in the English Civil War
Roundheads
The group that fought for Parliament in the English Civil War
William and Mary
Invited to take the throne of England from James II
Bill of Rights
Before William and Mary could be crowned they were force to sign this document to limit royal power
Glorious Revolution
Bloodless overthrow of King James II
Thirty Years' War
Conflict was over religion and territory for power among the Europeans ruling families. Mazarin was credited with ending the conflict
Catholics
Main religion of this era
Bourbon Dynasty
a European royal line that ruled in France (from 1589-1793) and Spain and Naples and Sicily
Louis XIII
Was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1610 to 1643 and King of Navarre from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown.
Louis XIV
Known as "Louis the Great" and "the Sun King." King of France (1643-1715). His reign, the longest in French history, was characterized by a magnificent court, the expansion of French influence in Europe, and the establishment of overseas colonies.
Mercantilism
Exporting more than you import, a common practice among European Monarchs during this period
Spanish Netherlands
The southern part of the Low Countries; modern Netherlands and Belgium; during and after the Eighty Years' War
Dutch Netherlands
a kingdom in NW Europe, on the North Sea: declared independence from Spain in 1581 as the United Provinces; became a major maritime and commercial power in the 17th century
War of Spanish Succession
War over the unity of Spain and France; England plus didn't give consent to imbalance of power
Maria Theresa of Austria
daughter of the Emperor Charles VI, she succeeded to the Habsburg dominions in 1740 by virtue of the Pragmatic Sanction. Her accession triggered the War of the Austrian Succession, which in turn led to the Seven Years War
Seven Years' War
Maria Theresa's accession of the Austrian throne; also known as War of Austrian Succession
Westernization of Russia
Peter the Great centralized Govt. , decreased the Noble's power, developed more schools, literacy and science, forced Nobles to wear more current clothing
English Civil War
War between King Charles and Parliament
Commonwealth
an independent country or community, especially a democratic republic
James II
The last Stuart king to rule both England and Scotland, he was deposed by his Protestant daughter Mary and her husband, William of Orange.
Cabinet
the committee of senior ministers responsible for controlling government policy.
How did French Rulers become Absolute Monarchs?
They controlled the govt. and pretty much all of France. They abolished the legislative body whenever they did something they didn't like.
What issues divided the Stuart Kings and Parliament?
Stuart Kings ignored Parliament's laws and perhaps abolished them. The Kings wanted money for wars and Parliament wanted to limit the King's power and give more power to the people
What were causes and results of the English Civil War?
Cause: Parliament went against King Charles, King Charles went to the north to get soldiers to fight Parliament
Result: King Charles got publicly executed and a new King ascended the throne. A public execution of a King never happened before and showed the peasants that the King wasn't above them
How did the Glorious Revolution ensure the rule of the law?
It was the first bloodless overthrow of a Monarch and showed people that the Monarchy can be afraid as well show that a monarch wasn't above the law
How did Russia westernize/ modernize?
Peter the Great centralized Govt. , decreased the Noble's power, developed more schools, literacy and science, forced Nobles to wear more current clothing (2)
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