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APUSH Semester I Terms

Terms in this set (100)

Era of Good Feelings
Reflected sense of national purpose and desire for unity among Americans in aftermath of War of 1812
Trail of Tears
Due to the Indian Removal Act, where the Cherokees were kicked out
Adam-Onis Treaty
U.S. obtained Florida from Spain
Albany Plan of Union
Create unified government for 13 colonies, suggested by Benjamin Franklin
Alexander Hamilton
Purposed the idea of the bank, ran against Thomas Jefferson
American system
Where three regions work together, a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other "internal improvements" to develop profitable markets for agriculture.
American Temperance Society
move to curb consumption of alcohol
Andrew Jackson
Corrupt bargain, vetoed the second national bank, for the "common man"
Anne Hutchinson
A Puritan spiritual adviser, and an important participant in the Antinomian Controversy which shook the infant Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1636 to 1638
Anti-Federalists
A movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the 1787 Constitution
Articles of Confederation
an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution
Bacon's Rebellion
An armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley
Bleeding Kansas
Violent political confrontations between 1854 and 1861 involving anti-slave (Free-Staters) and pro slave (Border Ruffian or southern elements in Kansas)
Compromise of 1850
The south gained by the strengthening of the fugitive slave law, the north gained a new free state, California. Texas lost territory but was compensated with 10 million dollars to pay for its debt. Slave trade was prohibited in Washington DC, but slavery was not.
Confederate States of America
South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas
Connecticut Plan
Called for proportional representation in the House, and one representative per state in the Senate
Cotton
Major crop in the south that was traded internationally
Declaration of Independence
An assertion by a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state
Dred Scott v Sandford
Case that said slaves aren't citizens and can't sue in federal court
Eli Whitney
Inventor of the cotton gin and interchangeable parts
Embargo Act of 1807
It prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports
Era of Salutary Neglect
British Crown policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep American colonies obedient to England
Erie Canal
A canal in New York that is part of the east-west, cross-state route of the New York State Canal System. Originally, it ran 363 miles from Albany, on the Hudson River, to Buffalo, at Lake Erie
Federalists
The first American political party; commitment want connection with Britain and wanted more central power
First Continental Congress
a meeting of delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies who met from September 5 to October 26, 1774 at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania early in the American Revolution
Fort Sumter
Where the Civil War began
Frederick Douglass
african-american abolitionist who wrote a biography
Free-soil party
A single-issue party, its main purpose was to oppose the expansion of slavery into the western territories, arguing that free men comprised a morally and economically superior system to slavery
Fugitive Slave Act
Act part of the Compromise of 1850 that had Southern slave-holding interests and Northern Free-Soilers to track down runaway slaves
Glorious Revolution
Bloodless revolution, influence to Britain, created England to be more democratic
Great Awakening
A Protestant religious revival that swept Protestant Europe and British America in the 1730s and 1740s. An evangelical and revitalization movement, it left a permanent impact on American Protestantism
Halfway Covenant
A form of partial church membership created within the Congregational churches of colonial New England in 1662. It was promoted in particular by the Reverend Solomon Stoddard, who felt that the people of the English colonies were drifting away from their original religious purpose
Henry Clay
Republican, an American lawyer, planter, and statesman who represented Kentucky in both the United States Senate and House of Representatives
Impressment
Where Britain took American men out of ships into a military or naval force by compulsion, with or without notice
Indentured Servants
Men and women who signed contract where they agree to work for a certain number of years.
Indian Removal Act, 1830
Andrew Jackson implemented to get more land west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their lands
James Madison
fourth president who founded the Democratic-Republican Party; oversaw the Louisiana Purchase; led the U.S. into the controversial War of 1812
Jefferson Davis
president of the Confederates (1861-1865)
John Brown
an American abolitionist who believed and advocated that armed insurrection was the only way to overthrow the institution of slavery in the United States
John Marshall
An American politician. He was the fourth Chief Justice of the United States. His court opinions helped lay the basis for United States constitutional law (judicial review)
John Tyler
vice president of dead William Henry Harrison, tenth president (1841-1845)
John Winthrop
an English Puritan lawyer and one of the leading figures in founding the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Joseph Smith
Founder of mormons
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Allowed two states to decide for themselves whether or not the allow slavery with border, served to repeal Missouri Compromise
King Philip's War
last major effort by the Native Americans of southern New England to drive out english settlers
Know-Nothings
Responded by saying they didn't know anything, strong anti-immigrant and anti-Roman Catholic
Louisiana Purchase
Thomas Jefferson's unconstitutional act, purchased a lot of land to help achieve expansionism, payed $15 million
Loyalists
American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War
Manifest Destiny
Term used for American expansion that the United States was destined to, stretch from coast to coast.
Marbury v Madison
First important court case talking about judicial review and the power
Maryland Act of Religious Toleration
A law mandating religious tolerance for Trinitarian Christians. (1649)
Mercantilism
A national economic policy designed to maximize the trade of a nation and to maximize the accumulation of gold and silver
Missouri Compromise
Balanced free and slave states, Missouri considered as slave and anything under line is slave, Maine considered free, anything above line is free
Monroe Doctrine
James Monroe declared neutral between the war of Britain and France
Mother Ann Lee
The leader of the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, or the Shakers
Nativism
The political policy of promoting the interests of native inhabitants against those of immigrants
Navigation Acts
A series of acts designed to regulate colonial trade and enabled England to collect duties (taxes) in the Colonies.
New Jersey Plan
Each state to have one vote in Congress instead of the number of votes being based on population
Nicholas Biddle
American financier who served as third and last president of the second bank of the U.S.
Northwest Ordinance
Chartered a government for the Northwest Territory, provided a method for admitting new states to the Union from the territory, and listed a bill of rights guaranteed in the territory
Nullification Crisis
A United States sectional political crisis in 1832-33, during the presidency of Andrew Jackson, which involved a confrontation between South Carolina and the federal government
Olive Branch Petition
Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 5, 1775 in a final attempt to avoid a full-on war between Great Britain and the thirteen colonies represented in that Congress
Oregon Territory
The British gained sole possession of the land north of the 49th parallel and all of Vancouver Island, with the United States receiving the territory south of that line
Panic of 1819
The first major peacetime financial crisis in the United States followed by a general collapse of the American economy persisting through 1821
Panic of 1837
A financial crisis in the United States that touched off a major recession that lasted until the mid-1840s. Profits, prices, and wages went down while unemployment went up. Pessimism abounded during the time
Patrick Henry
"give me liberty or give me death"
Patriots
A person who vigorously supports their country and is prepared to defend it against enemies or detractors
Popular Sovereignty
The authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people
Proclamation of 1763
King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War, which forbade all settlement west of a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains
Proprietary Colony
A type of British colony mostly in North America and the Caribbean in the 17th century; grants of land in the form of a charter, or a license to rule, for individuals or groups
Protestant Reformation
Schism in Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther and continued by John Calvin, and other early Protestant Reformers in 16th-century Europe
Puritans
Group of English Reformed Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to "purify" the Church of England from its "Catholic" practices, maintaining that the Church of England was only partially reformed
Roger Williams
Puritan, an English Reformed theologian, and later a Reformed Baptist who was expelled by the Puritan leaders from the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Royal Colony
Colony ruled or administered by officials appointed by and responsible to the reigning sovereign of the parent state.
Sam Houston
American soldier and politician. His victory at the Battle of San Jacinto secured the independence of Texas from Mexico in one of the shortest decisive battles in modern history
Samuel Adams
Helped formulate resistance to the Stamp Act and played a vital role in organizing the Boston Tea Party. Final break from Great Britain, and a signee of the U.S. Declaration of Independence
Seneca Falls Convention
The first women's rights convention. Elizabeth Cady Stanton led
Separatists
The advocacy of a state of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group.
Seven Years War
Global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763. It involved every European great power of the time and spanned five continents, affecting Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines
Shays' Rebellion
Armed uprising in Massachusetts during 1786 and 1787. Veteran Daniel Shays led four thousand rebels in an uprising against perceived economic and civil rights injustices
Sir Edmund Andross
English colonial administrator in North America. He was the governor of the Dominion of New England during most of its three-year existence.
South Carolina
Trading furs, and providing food for West Indies; 18th century, large rice-growing plantations worked by African slaves; had tobacco farms
Spoils System
Practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters.
Stono Rebellion
A slave rebellionin the colony of South Carolina. (1739) It was the largest slave uprising in the British mainland colonies.
Tejano
Residents of the state of Texas who are culturally descended from the original Spanish-speaking settlers of Texas and northern Mexico
The Enlightenment
Intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, "The Century of Philosophy"
The Sugar Act
Revenue-raising act passed by the British Parliament of Great Britain in April of 1764
Thomas Paine
Wrote Common Sense
Treaty of Ghent
Ended the war of 1812
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Ended the Mexican-American War, gets Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming.
Treaty of Paris
Negotiated between the United States and Great Britain, ended the revolutionary war and recognized American independence.
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe about anti-slavery (1852)
Valley Forge
Washington held military camp near Philadelphia where they spent the winter of 1777-78 during the American Revolutionary War. Suffered with men and lot of people died
Virginia Plan
Strong central government composed of three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial
War Hawks
People in politics who favor war
War of 1812
Conflict between the US and Britain 1812-1815, caused by British economic blockade of France, the induction of thousands of neutral American seamen into the British Royal Navy against their will, and the British support of hostile Indian tribes along the Great Lakes frontier.
William Lloyd Garrison
Wrote the Liberator, abolitionist
William Penn
Quaker and founder of Pennsylvania
Wilmot Proviso
Proposed an American law to ban slavery in territory acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War
Zachary Taylor
12th president. Military leader in Mexican-American War. Whig.
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