RNA and Protein Synthesis Quiz Study Guide

How does DNA and RNA language work? (Think about codons)
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How does DNA and RNA language work? (Think about codons)
Three letter sentences, DNA ATCG, RNA AUCG
Most amino acids have more than one codon that results in that amino acid. Describe a situation in which this can be beneficial.
Because if there's ever a mutation it will still make the same amino acid.
Where would a mutation likely have a larger effect- body cell or sex cell and why?
Sex cell, because it will affect the offspring. It will affect all cells that derive from that mutated sex cell.
What is the significance of the AUG codon?
Its the start of the protein chain
Out of the following are any of these mutations likely to have more of an effect than others: substitution, insertion, deletion, inversion? Explain. Think about this one in relation to amino acids
Insertion or deletion, it affects all the codons coming before it will change. But there is no answer because it depends if it will be thrown out or if it affects what particular
How do most mutations occur?
During DNA replication.
What are some outside environmental factors that can lead to mutations
Sun light, Smoking, Radiation, Chemical exposure, pollution
Mutations can be inherited- what was the example of this that we used in class and how does it affect the human body?
Sickle cell
We learned that mutations can at times be beneficial- describe an example
Peppered moth,Lactose tolerance, White footed mice
In what situation can a mutation actually end up having no effect on the cell/body?
As long as the three letter word still makes the same amino acid
Why did we deliver a gene for antibiotic resistance to the E.coli we genetically engineered1. So we can tell the difference of how the gene affected the bacteria. 2. Only 1% of the bacteria will accept the glow gene 3. We gave it the antibiotic so that it can not be covered by the other 99%.Why did most of us expect no growth in the negative GFP plate (control group)?Because the antibiotic was not given to them.Why did we chose bacteria for the genetic engineering experiment versus another organism?1. Their prokaryotic/it is easy to access 2.Their small 3.They reproduce quicklywhat is it called when your cells are making a proteinprotein syntheisishow many amino acids are there20Describe the differences between DNA and RNA.1. Dna has two strands 2. RNA has one 3. RNA has a ribose sugar 4. DNA has deoxyribose sugarmRNA sequence1. DNA unzips so that one of the strands can be transcribed into mRNA language 2.