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AP Psych Unit XIII (13)

Terms in this set (35)

Psychotherapy
- A trained therapist uses psychological techniques to assist someone seeking to overcome difficulties or achieve personal growth
Biomedical Thearpy
- Offers medication or other biological treatments
- Can be used with psychotherapy
- Example, Jamison received psychotherapy in her meeting with her psychiatrist, and she took medications to control her wild mood swings
Eclectic Approach
- Using a blend of psychotherapies
- Each is built on one or more of psychology's major theories: psychodynamic, humanistic, behavioral, and cognitive
- Most of these techniques can be used one-on-one or in groups
Psychoanalysis
- First of the psychological therapies
- Free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight
Resistance
- The blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
Psychodynamic Therapy
- Don't talk much about id, ego, and superego
- In these meetings, patients explore and gain perspective into defended-against thoughts and feelings
- Face to face therapy
Insight Therapies
- A variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses
- Boosts people's self-fulfillment
- Taking immediate responsibility for one's feelings and actions
Client-Centered Therapies
- A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance
Behavior Therapy
- Doubt the healing power of self-awareness
- You can become aware of why you are highly anxious during tests and still be anxious
- Applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
Counterconditioning
- Falls under classical conditioning techniques
- Evokes new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors
- Unlearning a fear
Exposure Therapies
- Fear being countered
- Expose people to what they normally avoid or escape
- Facing a fear
Systematic Desensitization
- A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli
- You cannot be simultaneously anxious and relaxed
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
- An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking
- Lifelike series
- Offers an efficient middle ground
Aversive Conditioning
- A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior
- The goal is substituting a negative response for a positive response to a harmful stimulus
- It seeks to condition an aversion to something the person should avoid
Token Economy
- When people display appropriate behavior they receive a token or plastic coin as a positive reinforcer
Cognitive Therapy
- Assumes that our thinking colors our feelings
- Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking
- Based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
- A confrontational cognitive therapy that vigorously challenges people's illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions
- Albert Ellis
- Many problems arise from irrational thinking
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- A widely practiced integrative therapy, aims not only to alter the way people think, but also to alter the way they act
- Popular therapy
Group Therapy
- It saves therapists' time and clients' money
- Therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction
Regression Toward the Mean
- The tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back, or regress toward their average
Outcome Research
- Controlled research studies
- Reported similar improvement among untreated persons
- The best are randomized clinical trials, in which researchers randomly assign people on a waiting list to therapy or to no therapy
Meta-Analysis
- A statistical procedure that combines the conclusions of a large number of different studies
- Bottom-line results of lots of studies
- The average therapy client ends up better off than 80% of the untreated individuals on waiting lists
Evidence-Based Practice
- Between these two factions stand the science-oriented clinicians, who aim to base practice on evidence and make mental health professionals accountable for effectiveness
- "Should be rigorously evaluated"
Hope for Demoralized People
- People seeking therapy typically feel anxious, depressed, devoid of self-esteem, and incapable of turning things around
- With commitment from the therapy seeker, things can and will get better
Reslilience
- The personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover form adversity and even trauma
Psychopharmacology
- The study of drug effects on mind and behavior
- Liberating hundreds of thousand from hospital confinement
- (1) Normal recovery among untreated persons and (2) recovery due to the placebo effect
Antipsychotic Drugs
- Chlorpromazine
- Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder
- Dopamine inhibitors
Antianxiety Drugs
- Xanax or Ativan
- Depress central nervous system activity
- Used to relieve the symptoms of PTSD and OCD
Antidepressant Drugs
- Named from their ability to lift people up from a state of depression
- Serotonin
- Drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and PTSD
Mood-Stabilizing Medications
- Lithium
- Helps reduce mood swings
- Used for bipolar disorder
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
- Occurs through shock treatment
- Gained a barbaric image
- A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of the anesthetized patient
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Simulation
- Depressed moods seem to improve when repeated pulses surge through a magnetic coil held close to a person's skull
- The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain
- Used to stimulate or suppress brain activity
Deep-Brain Simulation
- Calms an overactive brain region linked with negative emotions
Psychosurgery
- Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
- Radical psychosurgical procedures such as the lobotomy were once popular. but neurosurgeons now rarely perform brain surgery to change behavior or moods
- Brain surgery is a last-resort treatment because its effects are irreversible
Lobotomy
- A psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients
- The procedure cuts the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain
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