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Ch 7.1-.3 Quiz 8EP
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Gravity
Acids, Bases, and Solutions
Terms in this set (46)
Examples of Solutions
Coke, Sea water, Bronze, and Steel
Parts of Solutions
Solute and Solvent
Alloy
solids dissolved into solids Sterling silver
Alloy Examples
Sterling silver, Bronze, and Steel
Colloid Examples
Jello, paint, whole milk, fog, smoke
Suspension Examples
River water, muddy lake water, ketchup, mustard
Calculating Concentration
Is the amount of a substance that is present in a given space; the amount of solute per solution
Formula for Concentration
mass (g) / volume (mL)
Unit for Concentration
g/mL or g/100 mL
Percent Concentration
Drops of solute per total drops in solution
Percent Concentration Formula
drops of solute / total drops of solution x 100
Factors Affecting Solubility
Pressure, Type of solvent, and Temperature
Acid Properties
Properties:
Sour taste
Reacts with metals (corrosive)
Reacts with carbonates
Turns blue litmus paper red (indicator)
Acids
Contain H+1 ions
Acid Examples
H2SO4, HCl, H2C2O4
Acid pH
pH < 7
Bases
Contain OH-1 ions
Base Properties
Properties:
Bitter taste
Feels slippery
Turns red litmus paper blue (indicator)
Base pH
pH > 7
Base Examples
NaOH, Al(OH)3,
Uses of Acids:
Cleaners in the home
Some foods we eat
Used by industry
Uses of Bases:
Cleaners in the home
Used for baking
Used by industry
Congo Red
Becomes blue in an acid
Stays red in a base
Litmus
Becomes red with an acid
Becomes blue with a base
PHTH
Becomes pink in a base
Stays colorless in an acid
Strength of Acids and Bases
pH scale is use to measure the strength
A high pH tells you that the concentration of hydrogen ions is low. Range 8-14
A low pH
tells you that the concentration of hydrogen ions is high. Range 1-6
A high pH
tells you that the concentration of hydrogen ions is low. Range 8-14
Solution
a well-mixed mixture containing a solvent and at least one solute that has the same properties throughout
Solvent
the part of a solution that is present in the largest amount and dissolves a solute
Solute
the part of a solution present in a lesser amount and dissolved by the solvent
Colloid
a mixture containing small undissolved particles that do not settle out and particles are too big to be considered a true solution
Suspension
A mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration and particles eventually separate and settle out
Dilute Solution
a mixture that has only a little solute dissolved in it
Concentrated Solution
a mixture that has a lot of solute dissolved in it.
Solubility
A measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature
Saturated Solution
a mixture that contains as much dissolved solute as is possible at a given temperature
Unsaturated Solution
a mixture that contains less dissolved solute than is possible at a given temperature
Supersaturated Solution
A mixture that has more dissolved solute than is predicted by its solubility at a given temperature.
Acid
A substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, and turns blue litmus paper red
Corrosive
The way in which acids react with some metals so as to eat away the metal
Indicator
a compound that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base
Base
A substance that tastes bitter, feels slippery, and turns red litmus paper blue
Hydrogen Ion (H+)
a positively charged ion (H+) formed of a hydrogen atom that has lost its electron
Hydroxide Ion (OH-)
A negatively charged ion made of oxygen and hydrogen (OH-)
pH Scale
a range of values used to express the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
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