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Earth Science - Chapter 27 Sun-Moon-Earth

Terms in this set (49)

refraction
occurs when a light ray changes direction as it passes from one material into another
electromagnetic radiation
includes visible light, infrared, ultraviolet radiation, radio waves, microwaves, gamma rays, and X-Rays
electromagnetic spectrumm
all types of electromagnetic radiation arranged according to wavelength and frquency
wavelength
distance from peak to peak
frequency
number of waves or oscillations that pass a given point per second
oscillations
the number of waves in a given period of time
Hertz
a unit equal to one cycle per second
refracting telescope
telescope that uses lenses to bring light into focus
reflecting telescope
telescope that uses mirrors to bring light into focus
radio telescope
telescope that collects longer wavelengths with a large dish antenna
interferometry
technique that uses the images from several telescopes to produce a single image
space-based telescopes
telescope or instrument that is sent into space to collect information
Hubble Space Telescope
telescope that orbits Earth every 97 minutes to collect images from space
James Webb Space Telescope
telescope that will aid HST and uses infrared to gather data
International Space Station
permanent craft orbiting Earth studying the effects of space on humans and other organisms
spinoffs
technology that was developed for NASA but benefits society as well
albedo
percentage of incoming sunlight that its surface reflects
highlands
heavily cratered regions on the Moon that are light in color and mountainous
maria
dark, smooth plains on the Moon's surface
impact craters
objects from space formed these as they crashed into the Moon's surface
ejecta
material blasted out during impacts on the Moon
rays
long trails of ejecta that radiate outward from an impact site
rilles
meandering, valleylike structures that are collapsed lava tubes
regolith
loose, ground-up rock
impact theory
theory that the Moon was created by a collision of a large object with the Earth
revolution
the time it takes for a planetary body to make one orbit around another larger body
Foucault pendulum
one method of showing that the Earth is rotating
solar day
time period from noon to noon
ecliptic plane
plane of Earth's orbits as it orbits the sun
solstice
when Earth's axis is perpendicular to the Sun's rays
equinox
when the Sun is overhead at its farthest distance North and South of the equator
zenith
when the sun is at it's maximum height at midday
lunar phases
sequential changes in the appearance of the Moon
new moon
phase when none of the illuminated side of the Moon is visible by Earth
waxing phase
phases when the right side of the moon is illuminated
full moon
when the entire lighted portion of the Moon is visible
waning phase
when the left side of the Moon is visable
synchronous rotation
state at which the Moon and Earth's orbit and rotational period are equal
lunar month
length of time it takes for the Moon to go from new Moon to new moon
spring tides
high tides that are higher than normal due to Earth, Moon, and Sun all being in a straight line
neap tides
high tides that are lower than normal due to Earth, Moon and Sun being in the 90 degree angle positions
solar eclipse
when the Moon passes directly between the Sun and Earth blocking the Sun from view
umbra
the inner portion of the eclipse shadow
penumbra
the outer portion of the eclipse shadow
perigee
when the Moon is at its closest point to Earth in its orbit
apogee
when the Moon is at its farthest point from Earth in its orbit
annular eclipse
type of a eclipse that occurs when there is no part of the sun visible
annulus
the ring around the sun that is a result of an eclipse
lunar eclipse
eclipse when the Earth casts a shadow on the Moon
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