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Chapter 6: Population Growth and Economic Development: Causes, Consequencers and Conroversies

Terms in this set (18)

Doubling time
Period that
a given population or other
quantity takes to increase by
its present size.
Natural increase
The difference
between the birth rate
and the death rate of a given
population
Crude birth rate
The number
of children born alive
each year per 1,000 population
(often shortened to birth
rate).
Rate of population increase
The growth rate of a population,
calculated as the natural
increase after adjusting for
immigration and emigration.
Net international migration
The excess of persons migrating
into a country over those
who emigrate from that
country.
Death rate
The number of
deaths each year per 1,000
population.
Total fertility rate (TFR)
The
number of children that
would be born to a woman if
she were to live to the end of
her childbearing years and
bear children in accordance
with the prevailing agespecific
fertility rates.
Population pyramid
A
graphic depiction of the age
structure of the population,
with age cohorts plotted on
the vertical axis and either
population shares or numbers
of males and females in each
cohort on the horizontal axis.
Microeconomic theory of fertility
The theory that family
formation has costs and benefits
that determine the size of
families formed.
Life expectancy at birth
The
number of years a newborn
child would live if subject to
the mortality risks prevailing
for the population at the time
of the child's birth.
Demographic transition
The phasing-out process of
population growth rates from
a virtually stagnant growth
stage characterized by high
birth rates and death rates
through a rapid-growth stage
with high birth rates and low
death rates to a stable, lowgrowth
stage in which both
birth and death rates are low.
Family-planning programs
Public programs designed to
help parents plan and regulate
their family size.
Population-poverty cycle
A theory to explain how
poverty and high population
growth become reinforcing.
Under-5 mortality rate
Deaths among children
between birth and 5 years of
age per 1,000 live births.
Youth dependency ratio
The proportion of young people
under age 15 to the working
population aged 16 to 64
in a country.
Hidden momentum of population
growth
The phenomenon
whereby population
continues to increase even after
a fall in birth rates because
the large existing youthful
population expands the
population's base of potential
parents.
Malthusian population trap
The threshold population
level anticipated by Thomas
Malthus (1766-1834) at which
population increase was
bound to stop because lifesustaining
resources, which
increase at an arithmetic rate,
would be insufficient to support
human population, which
increases at a geometric rate.
Reproductive choice The
The
concept that women should
be able to determine on an
equal status with their husbands
and for themselves
how many children they want
and what methods to use to
achieve their desired family
size.
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