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8.4 - The Civil War (Fighting the War)

Terms in this set (26)

George McClellan
General who led the Union army at the start of the war. He infuriated Lincoln with his unwillingness to lead his troops into battle. Eventually Lincoln fired him.
Army of the Potomac
The Union army that did most of the fighting in Virginia against General Lee. It was named after the Potomac River that separates Maryland and Virginia.
American Red Cross
An organization that provides free healthcare and support to soldiers and people affected by war or disaster. It was founded by Clara Barton during the Civil War.
Clara Barton
Nurse and founder of the American Red Cross.
Peace Democrats
Also called Copperheads, they were Democrats in the North who wanted to end the war and make peace with the South.
Ulysses S. Grant
General who led the Union armies at the end of the war. He won the Battle of Vicksburg and Lincoln promoted him to commander of all of the Union Armies. He accepted Lee's surrender at the end of the war and later was elected president.
William Tecumseh Sherman
Northern general who led his army through the South destroying everything he could - farms, railroads, etc. - in an effort to prevent the South from having the means of waging war.
Blockade
Using a navy to prevent ships from entering or exiting a port.
Draft
A process in which the government forces people to join the military.
Inflation
When the prices of good increase over time.
Anaconda Plan
The North's strategy to blockade Southern ports to prevent trade and resupply.
High Tide of the Confederacy
A term used to describe the Battle of Gettysburg, and especially Pickett's Charge. It was the closest the South ever came to military victory in the war. Although far from over, after the battle the war turned in the North's favor.
Terms of Surrender
The agreement made by two armies or nations to formally end a war.
Writ of Habeas Corpus
A legal term that means "Show me the Body." It means that the government cannot accuse you of a crime and then hold you in jail indefinitely before giving you a trial.
Confederacy
The Confederate States of America. The slave-holding states from the South that seceded.
Union
The United States of America. The North including the four border states which had slaves but did not secede.
Appomattox Court House
The small town in Virginia where Lee surrendered to Grant.
Richmond
The capital city of Virginia and of the Confederacy.
First Battle of Bull Run
The first major battle between the armies of the North and South. It ended in a victory for the South and demonstrated that neither side would have an easy victory.
Draft Riots
Riots that happened in 1863 in major cities of the North, especially in New York City when the government enforced conscription into the army. They demonstrated that the war was not universally popular.
Battle of Gettysburg
The turning point battle of the war. Lee led his army into Pennsylvania hoping to force the North to give up, but lost the battle.
Battle of Vicksburg
A major victory for the Union army in the South. Vicksburg was a city along the Mississippi River. After it fell to the North, the Union controlled shipping on the river and was able to split the South in two.
Food Riots
Riots that occurred in the major cities of the South, especially led by women when the blockade of Southern ports by the Union navy prevented enough food from being imported. These were also sometimes called the Bread Riots.
Pickett's Charge
Lee's final attack on the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg. Often called the High Tide of the Confederacy, it was a disaster for the South, ending in defeat and the loss of thousands of troops.
Sherman's March to the Sea
In 1864 General Sherman led his Union army through Georgia destroying everything he could. He started in Atlanta and his destination was the city of Savannah on the coast. He became of a hero of the North and villain across the South.
Siege of Petersburg
The long attack on the City of Petersburg south of Richmond, Virginia. It was devastating for both armies, but due to the South's inability to replace lost soldiers, proved to be a death blow to Lee's army.
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