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Ch. 4 Vocabulary Terms

Terms in this set (41)

Culture
the total knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by the members of a specific group
Society
shares a common language, a sense of identity, and its culture
Ethnic Group
shares language, customs, and heritage but has an identity as a separate group within their region
Innovation
taking existing elements and creating something new from them
Diffusion
the spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior
Cultural Hearth
a place from where ideas, materials, and technology spread out to other cultures
Acculturation
the acceptance or adoption of an innovation by a society
Dialect
speech patterns related to class, region, or other cultural changes
Religion
the belief in a supernatural power or powers that are regarded as creators and maintainers of the universe
Birthrate
the number of live births per thousand population
Fertility Rate
the average number of children a woman would have in her lifetime
Mortality Rate
also called the death rate; the number of deaths per thousand
Infant Mortality Rate
the number of deaths among infants under the age of one per thousand live births
Rate of Natural Increase
the rate at which the population is growing
Population Pyramid
graphic device that shows gender and age distribution of population
Push-Pull Factors
reason why people migrate
Population Density
average number of people who live in a measurable areas
Carrying Capacity
the number of organisms a piece of land can support
State
an independent unit that occupies a specific territory and has control of its internal and external affairs
Nation
a group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity
Nation-State
when a nation and a state occupy the same territory
Democracy
government in which citizens hold political power either directly or through elected representatives
Monarchy
government in which a ruling family holds political power and may or may not share the power with citizens
Dictatorship
government in which an individual or group holds complete power
Communism
government in which nearly all political power and means of production are held by the governement
Landlocked
having no outlet to the sea
City
area with large populations, center of business and culture
Urban Geography
the study of how people use space in cities
Suburb
political unit touching the central city or touching other suburbs that touch the city
Metropolitan Area
a functional area made up of the city, its suburbs, and its exurbs
Urbanization
rise in the number of cities and the changes in lifestyle that result
Central Business District (CBD)
the commercial core of the city
Economy
the production and exchange of goods and services
Economic System
the way people produce and exchange goods
Command Economy
production of goods and services is determined by a central government
Market Economy
production of goods and services is determined by the demand from consumers
Natural Resources
materials on or in the earth that have economic value
Infrastructure
the basic support system needed to keep an economy going
Per Capita Income
amount of money earned by each person in a political unit
Gross National Product (GNP)
the total value of all goods and services produced by a country in a time period
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
the value of only goods and services produced within a country in a time period
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