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Ethics test number 1

Terms in this set (38)

Ethics
The inquiry into the nature of morality or moral acts; values by which human beings live in relation to other human beings, nature, a higher power, and/or themselves. (Beemsterboer)
Code of ethics
Written standards of conduct
Jurisprudence
The science or philosophy of law
Morals
Of or concerned with judgment principles of right and wrong in relation to human action and character.
Principle
A general normative standard of conduct, holding that a particular decision or action is true or right or good for all people in all times and all places.
Beneficence
The principle of promoting good or well-being
-using all reasonable means to benefit the patient
-doing "good" for the patient
AKA: to prevent harm
Nonmaleficence
To do "no harm" to the patient
-preventing harm and removing harm
-"primum non nocere" (Latin) First do no harm
Justice
to be fair to the patient; fairness
Distributive justice
The just allocation and distribution of resources for the good of society- "who gets what and why?"
Autonomy
The ability to be self-governing and self-directed; making decisions independent from the will of others
-Based on the respect for others
Paternalism
Parentalism; acting like a parent or father that knows what is best for the patient; making a decisions for the patient
-limits the patient's autonomy
-Based on doing good for the patient
-may not be getting informed consent
Veracity
to tell the truth; not to lie to the patient
-basis for trust relationship between provider and patient
informed consent
the act of providing info to and assuring the understanding of a patient regarding treatment risks, treatment options, and the nature of the disease or problem.
capacity
term used to describe a person's ability to understand their health care conditions, treatment options, and ability to make their own decisions.
-related to autonomy and informed consent
Example: Ask patient how he/she understands risks of trx or why they are declining trx.
Confidentiality
to hold in confidence or secret information entrusted to you by the patient.
-There are exceptions (IE child abuse)
Prima facie duties
prima facie= "at first glance"
-the first principle to act upon over another, equally compelling, principle
-the duty that may be primary
-binding or obligatory
Disparities in oral health care
Surgeon General's report on oral health
-the mouth is a mirror of the body
-addressed access to care issues with the poor, children, the elderly, the disabled, and racial and ethnic minorities
Health disparities
Oral health care professionals have a responsibility to lead society in finding solutions.
-established in the code of ethics "standards of professional responsibility,community, and society"
-provide pro bono service
-social contract
Social justice
American dental education association recommendations
challenges to ethical practice and social justice and role of the dental hygienist
suggested activities pg. 38
code of ethics
the statement of conduct and organization has accepted.
obligation
a duty to conform to a rule or custom
professional code of ethics
Purpose: to bind the members of a group together by expressing their goals and aspirations, as well as by defining expected standards of behavior
-a contract the profession makes with society
Development of ethical codes
-Hippocratic oath: written by greek physician Hippocrates
+nonmaleficent
+beneficent
+confidentiality

-Dental hygiene code of ethics
+developed by the ADHA
+provides guidelines to expected behaviors of dental hygienists
+first created in 1927
+2/3's vote by ADHA house of delegates required to amend the code
Professional autonomy
the concept that a professional who provides care for a patient thereby establishing a provider patient relationship is not obligated to provide that care if it would involve preforming unethical services
Ethical awareness
-Moral sensitivity
-how the dental hygienist responds to ethical issues that arise
Moral weakness
-Moral responsibilities conflict with personal inclinations
EXAMPLE: late for lunch...thinking of ways to cut the appt short
Moral uncertainty
-Question as to whether a moral obligation exists
EXAMPLE: do I really need to do this?
Moral Dilemma
When obligations or responsibilities are in conflict.
Moral distress
Feelings of perceived powerlessness when a perceived wrong is occurring but he or she is unable to act
The four A's
1. Ask- why do I feel more stressed?
2. affirm- do something
3. assess/analyze- severity of issue
4. act- be professional
three branches of state government
1.Legislative: authorized to enact or create laws/statutes within a state
2. executive: responsible for implementing and enforcing the enacted laws/ statutes
3. Judiciary: Final arbiter regarding the rights and responsibilities of individuals subject to state laws
(all three play a part in regulating the practice of dental hygiene)
statutory law
laws enacted by the legislative branch
-scope of practice: the broad range of duties legally defined for a particular health care provider
-legally permissible tasks or procedures
supervision
Direct
indirect
general
MI administrative rules
Direct
Assignment
General
Delegation
Dental practice act
+Defines the practice of the dental profession
+indicates how an individual may be granted a license to practice within a given state
+practice acts vary from state to state
Purpose
+Protects the public from incompetent practitioners
+Prohibits individuals from practicing in the profession before meeting certain requirements
+Gives authority to state boards of DDS/dental examiners to issue or deny licensure
+Empowers state boards of DDS/dental examiners to suspend or revoke licenses
Violations of the dental practice act
Are crimes against society; involve any acts in violation of the practice act.

Subject an individual to punishment if convicted.

Include illegal acts that do not necessarily result in physical harm
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