Chapter 11

Achievement motivation
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Terms in this set (24)
Achievement motivation
a desire for significant accomplishment
Basal metabolic rate
the body's resting rate of energy expenditure
Drive-reduction theory
the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Estrogen
sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males and contributing to female sex characteristics
Flow
a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills
Glucose
the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues
Hierarchy of needs
Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
Homeostasis
a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state
Human factors psychology
a subfield of I/O psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use
Incentive
positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Industrial-organization psychologythe application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplacesInstincta complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearnedMotivationa need or desire that energizes and directs behaviorOrganizational psychologya subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational changePersonnel psychologya subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and developmentRefractory perioda resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasmSet pointthe point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weightSexual disorder(dysfunction)a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioningSexual orientationan enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation)Sexual response cyclethe four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson—excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolutionSocial leadershipgroup-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers supportStructured interviewsinterview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scalesTask leadershipgoal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goalsTestosteronethe most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty