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308 Chapter 8 Key Terms (Week 3)

Terms in this set (17)

Acid
- any compound that donates hydrogen ions (H+) in solution
- H+ donor
Acidic
- when H+ ions predominate in a solution
Acidosis
- an excessively acid condition of the body fluids or tissues
- pH lower than 7.35
Alkaline
- when basic ions predominate in a solution
- pH greater than 7.45
Alkalosis
- an excessively alkaline condition of the body fluids or tissues that may cause weakness or cramps
Base
- a compound that accepts an H+ ion in solution
- H+ acceptor
Buffer
- a neutralizer that attempts to balance the pH
Metabolic alkalosis
- condition in which the pH of tissue is elevated beyond the normal range (7.35-7.45)
Oxygen saturation of blood
- the fraction of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin relative to total hemoglobin (unsaturated + saturated)
- Normal values: 95-100%
Metabolic acidosis
- an excess of acid or a loss of HCO3 in the blood
pH
- the negative logarithm of the H+ ion concentration in mEq/L
- inversely related to the number of H+ ions....
High H+ = low pH
- Normal values of Blood pH: 7.35-7.45
Arterial blood gas (ABG)
- a laboratory study that measures the values involved in the oxygenation, acidity, and alkalinity of the arterial blood
- Values indicated: blood pH, PO2, PCO2, and HCO3
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide
- normally maintained in the range of 35-45 mmHg
Partial pressure of oxygen
- adjusted through influenced ventilation by chemoreceptors in the brain and in the carotid bodies that sense H+ concentrations
- Normal values: 90-100 mmHg
Pulse oximetry
- can measure the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen (SaO2)
- noninvasive sensor placed on the patient's finger
Respiratory acidosis
- occurs when the body accumulates too much CO2 or cannot exhale sufficient CO2
Respiratory alkalosis
- occurs when the levels of CO2 in the blood are low
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