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Module 1 Q Cards - Acid-Base Balance

Terms in this set (88)

Major lung chemical
CO2
Kidney chemicals
Bicarb and hydrogen
What does PH tell you about the blood?
Whether it is acidic, alkaline or neutral
The chemical of acid base can either?
make you sick or compensate. It depends on which imbalance you have.
acid base balance
Normal PH range
7.35-7.45
PH below 7.35
acidosis
PH above 7.45
alkolosis
Lung compensation when kidneys are sick
fast
What organ does not like it when the pH is messed up?
Brain
Kidney compensation when lungs are sick
slow but efficient

takes 3 days to do anything
What are the two organs that can compensate for a PH that is out of range?
kidneys and the lungs
Kidneys remove acid through the ______
urine
What do the kidneys do with Bicarb?
hold onto and return to the blood or
excrete through the urine
How long do the kidneys take to compensate
Very slowly.
Hours to days
How do the lungs get rid of CO2
by exhaling
What happens to CO2 during hypoventilation
respiration rate goes down and Co2 is retained
What happens to CO2 during hyperventilation
respiration rate goes up and CO2 is eliminated
How long does it take for the lungs to compensate
fast
PaO2 normal value
80-100
PaCO2 normal value
35-45
HCO3 normal value
22-26
Is respiratory acidosis a lung problem or a kidney problem?
lung
What chemical causes respiratory acidosis?
CO2
Respiratory acidosis:
Too little or too much of CO2
too much
Respiratory acidosis: (how did it happen)
hypoventilating or hyperventilating?
hypoventilating

Breathing is:
- too shallow
- too slowly
- not a all
What happens to a patients LOC and O2 when there CO2 increases? (testing strategy)
Increase CO2=decrease LOC
Increase CO2= decrease O2
HIGH CO2 = _________ LOC
LOW
HIGH CO2 = _________ O2
LOW
Early signs of Hypoxia
*- RESTLESSNESS
- TACHYCARDIA*
Late signs of Hypoxia
- Bradycardia
- Cyanosis
When you see restlessness what should you think first (testing strategy)?
...
What intervention should be done for hypoxia?
...
How do you treat Respiratory acidosis in patients with pneumonia?
Get rid of secretions by postural drainage, percussion (vibration therapy), deep breathing exercises, suctioning, fluids, elevate HOB, and incentive spirometry. Then lastly oxygen if needed
Respiratory acidosis:
What is going to compensate for too much CO2?
kidneys
Respiratory acidosis:
How will the kidneys compensate, with what chemicals?
Bicarb & hydrogen
Respiratory acidosis:
What will the body do with the acid?
excrete
Respiratory acidosis:
What will the body do with the bicarb
retain
Respiratory acidosis:
Is the PH high or low?
low
Respiratory acidosis:
What is the cause?
retained CO2
Respiratory acidosis:
6 Examples of retained CO2
mid abdominal incision/pneumonia
narcotics/sleeping pills
pneumothorax/collapsed lung
CO2 has an inverse relationship with :
O2
Increased CO2 =
decreased LOC
decreased O2
Respiratory acidosis:
Signs and symptoms (3)
Headache
confused
sleepy
Respiratory acidosis:
If signs and symptoms are not corrected, could lead to _____
coma
Respiratory acidosis:
Early signs and symptoms of hypoxia
restlessness & tachycardia
Respiratory acidosis:
Treatment for hypoxia
Give them O2
Respiratory acidosis:
Treatment: what to do first
fix the breathing problem
Respiratory acidosis:
How to get rid of secretions? (7)
postural drainage
percussion
deep breathing exercises
suctioning
fluids
elevate HOB
incentive spirometry
Respiratory acidosis:
Treatment for pneumothorax
chest tubes
Respiratory acidosis; pneumonthorax:
post op patients should be encouraged to _____ (3)
turn,
cough
deep breath
Respiratory Alkalosis:
Which organ is sick
Lung
Respiratory Alkalosis:
Which organ is going to compensate?
Kidney
Respiratory Alkalosis:
How do the kidneys compensate?
by excreting bicarb
and retaining H+
Respiratory Alkalosis:
What is the problem chemical?
CO2
Respiratory Alkalosis:
Gaining or losing CO2
losing
Respiratory Alkalosis:
hypoventilating or hyperventilating
hyperventilating
Respiratory Alkalosis:
PH is low or high?
high
Respiratory Alkalosis:
Causes (2)
hysterical client
acute aspirin overdose
Respiratory Alkalosis:
Signs and symptoms (3)
lightheaded or faint feeling
peri-oral numbness
numbness and tingling in the fingers and toes
Respiratory Alkalosis:
Goal of treatment
to decrease respiratory rate
Respiratory Alkalosis:
One way to decrease respiratory rate
breathe into paper bag
Respiratory Alkalosis:
Monitor what?
ABGs
Metabolic Acidosis:
What organ is sick?
Kidneys
Metabolic Acidosis:
What organ is going to compensate?
lungs
Metabolic Acidosis:
How will the lungs compensate
CO2 (acid)
Metabolic Acidosis:
problem chemicals
Not enough Bicarb
Retaining H+
Metabolic Acidosis:
PH high or low
low
Metabolic Acidosis:
Respiratory rate will increase or decrease?
increase
Metabolic Acidosis:
Causes (4)
DKA
starvation
renal failure
severe diarhea
Metabolic Acidosis:
Why does DKA and starvation cause metabolic acidosis?
cells starve for glucose
break down protein and fat
produce ketones (acid)
Metabolic Acidosis:
signs and symptoms (2)
hyperkalemia
increased RR
Metabolic Acidosis:
signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia (4)
muscle twitching
muscle weakness
flaccid paralysis
arrhythmia
Metabolic Acidosis:
Drug to help acidosis
sodium bicarb
Metabolic Alkolosis:
what organ is sick
kidneys
Metabolic Alkolosis:
What organ will compensate
lungs
Metabolic Alkolosis:
What chemical will the lungs use to compensate
CO2
Metabolic Alkolosis:
Sick with what chemical
too much bicarb
excreting hydrogen
Metabolic Alkolosis:
PH high or low
high
Metabolic Alkolosis:
RR must increase or decrease
decrease
Metabolic Alkolosis:
3 main causes?
vomitting
too many antacids
too much IV bicarb
Metabolic Alkolosis:
potassium high or low
hypokalemia
Metabolic Alkolosis:
Monitor for (2)
muscle cramps and life threatening arrhythmia
Metabolic Alkolosis:
Main treatment
replace potassium
Interpretation?
Possible cause?

PH: 7.32
PCO2: 41
HCO3: 20
metabolic acidosis
vomiting, diarhea, DKA, renal failure
Interpretation?
Possible cause?

PH: 7.56
PCO2: 31
HCO3: 25
respiratory alkalosis
hyperventilation
Interpretation?
Possible cause?

PH: 7.26
PCO2: 51
HCO3: 26
respiratory acidosis
hypoventilation
Interpretation?
Possible cause?

PH: 7.50
PCO2: 45
HCO3: 35
metabolic alkolosis

Loss of GI contents (vomiting)
too many antacids
Too much IV bicarb
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