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AP Human Development

Terms in this set (38)

rooting
When a newborn infant is touched on the cheek, the infant will turn its head toward the source of
stimulation.
maturation
Keisha was able to roll over at two months, crawl at five months, and walk at ten months. This sequence of development is most likely due to:
schema
A mental construct.
identity
According to Erik Erikson, the major developmental task during adolescence is to achieve a sense of
nature vs. nurture
"Is intelligence more influenced by heredity or experience?" deals with a big issue in psychology known as:
conservation
A young child shown a nine-inch round bowl and a six-inch round bowl containing equal amounts of popcorn says he is certain the smaller bowl has more popcorn than the larger bowl. According to Jean Piaget this child hasn't acquired?
imprinting
Konrad Lorenz found that shortly after a gosling is born, it tends to follow the first large moving object it sees.
intimacy vs isolation
According to Erik Erikson, individuals in early adulthood often seek a life partner with whom they will share their most closely held secrets and hopes. Erikson called this ____________psychosocial stage of development.
father
A child's sex is genetically determined by their ___
postconventional
A conscientious objector refuses to engage in combat because he cannot support the taking of human life. His reasoning best illustrates which stage in Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
authoritarian
Psychologists characterize parents who consistently demand their children's compliance without discussion as
teratogens
Harmful chemicals or viruses that can be transferred from a mother to her developing fetus are called
Piaget
Which psychologist was most influential in shaping our understanding of cognitive development?
sensorimotor
Which of the following represents the first stage of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
Formal operations
Which of the following represents the last stage of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
Egocentrism
This is Piaget's term for the difficulty perceiving things from another person's point of view.
attachment
The Harlows' studies of infant mokeys raised with artificial mothers suggest that body contact promotes
stranger anxiety
At about 8 months, children become increasingly likely to react to newcomers with tears and distess. This best illustrates
frontal lobe
This part of the brain lags behind the development of the limbic system, which may explain the impulsivity of teenagers compared with adults.
social connections.
Carol Gilligan's research emphasizes prominent female characteristics, especially in making ______.
Mary Ainsworth
Who identified secure and insecure attachment?
contact comfort
This term means the tactile characteristics of the mother matter for infants.
Assimilation
interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
temperament
An infant's individual style of interacting with the world.
Habituation
decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner.
critical period
a specific time in development when certain skills or abilities are most easily learned
primary sex characteristics
the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible
Zygote
the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo
predictability
Stage theories of development are most likely to be criticized for exaggerating the ___ of development.
pruining
As the infant's brain develops some neutral pathways will decay if not used. This use-it-or-lose-it process is known as ___.
less
The brain cortex is ___ developed in rates which were raised in isolation when compared to rats raised in an enriched environment.
gender identity
the individual's sense of being male, female or some blend of male and female
sexual orientation
Developing an inherent attraction or romantic relationship with a given gender or genders.
authoritative parenting
parents set limits and enforce rules but are flexible and listen to their children
Carol Gilligan
Her research emphasized prominent female characteristics, especially making social connections.
gender roles
expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females
Erikson's Psychosocial Theory
stage theory of psychosocial development, lifespan consists of eight dilemmas that must be solved correctly in order to solve the next dilemma
Kohlberg's stages of moral development
preconventional, conventional, postconventional
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