Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

The Ordeal of Reconstruction (Ch. 22)

Terms in this set (41)

Reconstruction
The process of rebuilding the Southern states and have them re-unite with the Union
13th Amendment
Abolishment of Slavery
Freedman's Bureau
Created to aid newly freed blacks by providing food, clothing, medical care, education, and legal support. Wasn't very successful.
Radical Republicans
Republicans that were willing to do whatever it took to do what they felt were necessary
Ten Percent Plan
Abraham Lincoln's plan required 10 percent of southern state's voters to pledge their allegiance to the Union and acknowledge the emancipation of the slaves (Very forgiving, Radical Republicans didn't approve)
Wade-Davis Bill (1864)
Passed by congressional Republicans in response to Abraham Lincoln's "10 Percent" Reconstruction Plan, it required that 50 percent of the state's voters pledge allegiance to the Union
Black Codes
Laws designed to regulate the affairs of the emancipated blacks. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt
Civil Rights Bill of 1866
Passed over Andrew Johnson's veto, the bill aimed to counteract the Black Codes by conferring citizenship on African Americans and making it a crime to deprive blacks of their rights to sue, testify in court, and hold property
14th Ammendment
Gave freed blacks citizenship
Reconstruction Act of 1867
Divided the South into five military districts and required that Southern states both ratify the 14th Amendment
15th Ammendment
Gave all black men who were 21 years or older the right to vote (excluding women)
Tenure of Office Act (1867)
Required the president to seek approval from the Senate before removing appointees. When Andrew Jackson removed his secretary of war in violation of the act, he was impeached by the House but remained in office when the Senate fell one vote short of removing him.
Carpetbaggers
A derogatory term used by Southern whites to describe Northern businessmen and politicians who came to the South after the Civil War to work on Reconstruction projects
Scalawags
Derogatory term for pro-Union Southerners
sharecropping
An agricultural system that started after the Civil War in which black and white farmers rented land from a plantation owner in exchange for giving him a certain "share" of each year's crop.
tenantry
A system for agriculture in which farmers would get credit before the planting season by borrowing money against the value for the anticipated crops
crop-lien system
Sharecroppers and tenant farmers, who did not own the land they worked, obtained supplies and food on credit from local merchants
"Waving the bloody shirt!"
A phrase used to ridicule opposing politicians who made emotional calls to avenge the blood of the northern soldiers that died in the Civil War
William H. Seward
William Henry Seward was United States Secretary of State from 1861 to 1869. Purchased Alaska from Russia.
"Seward's Folly"
Popular term for Secretary of State William Seward's purchase of Alaska from Russia (refelected the anti-expansionists sentiments of most Americans)
Ku Klux Klan
An extremist, paramilitary, right-wing secret society founded in the mid-19th century. It was antiforeign, antiblack, anti-Jewish, anti-pacifist, anti-Communist, anti-internationalist, anti-evolutionist, antibootlegger, but pro-Anglo-Saxon and pro-Protestant. Its members, cloaked in sheets, terrorized freedmen and sympathetic whites throughout the South after the Civil war
Force [KKK] Acts of 1870-71
Passed by Congress following a wave of KKK violence, the acts banned clan membership, prohibited the use of intimidation to prevent blacks from voting, and gave the U.S. military the authority to enforce the acts
Redeemers
Southern Democratic politicians who sought to remove control from Republican regimes in the South after Reconstruction
Compromise of 1877
The agreement that finally resolved the 1876 election and officially ended Reconstruction. Hayes became President.
What effects did the Civil War have on the economy and social system of the South?
Southern way of life was completely destroyed. Crops, farms, and the workforce was destroyed. The economy was shot. Southerners were still defiant and freed blacks were re-enslaved. They felt that it was their right to seperate from the Union and "Will rise Again..."
What special problems did the freedman face immediately after the war? What efforts were made to help them?
Blacks were free but didn't have citizenship. They didn't know where to go, didn't have any money, many were illiterate. Many stayed loyal to their masters and stayed in the South. Blacks were discriminated upon. The Government did nothing to help them and the church and Freedman's Bureau helped the black community
What political implications did the readmission of the Southern states pose for the Republicans
With the 3/5 Compromise gone, the South had all there votes and would be stronger than ever
What were the differences between the Radical and Moderate factions of the Republican Party during Reconstruction?
The Radical Republicans wanted harsher punishment for the South. Moderate Republicans wanted an easy and simple Reconstruction of the South.
What were the objectives and provisions of Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction? How did the Radical Republicans react to it?
Lincoln's plan required 10 percent of southern state's voters to pledge allegiance to the Union and accept the 13th amendment. The Radical Republicans didn't like this plan, they thought it was too forgiving and believed that the South wasn't going to be punished enough. So they proposed the Wade-Davis Bill that required 50 percent of the voters to pledge allegiance. Lincoln dismmissed it and kept his original plan.
Describe Andrew Johnson's approach to Reconstruction. How was it shaped by his political background and his personality?
Johnson's plan required certain leading Confederates to be disenfranchised, Confederate debt to be repudiated, and Southern states to ratify the 13th amendment
What were the black codes and how did Congress respond to these Black Codes and other Southern state actions of 1865 and 1866
...
Why did Radical Republicans want to impeach President Johnson? Why did they fail?
...
How did the sharecropping system of labor assist Southern whites in reasserting control over black labor?
...
How did freedom affect black family life?
...
In what particular products was industrialization in the South more advanced? What factors attracted industrial capital to the region after the war?
...
How did industrialization in the South compare with that in the North after the Civil War?
...
How did W.E.B. DuBois's approach differ from that of Booker T. Washington?
...
How did the Civil Rights cases of 1883 and Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) substantially negate the effect of the equal-protection clause of the 14th Amendment?
...
What strategies and legal devices did the Southern states use to evade the spirit of the 15th Amendment?
...
List two examples of the Jim Crow Laws that appeared in the Southern states during and immediately after Reconstruction?
White Water Fountain and Colored Water fountain
White Restroom and Colored Restroom
Explain how southern whites used lynching to control the black population. How did some whites, both Northern and Southern, respond?
...
Sets found in the same folder